Bibliography of Tsimshianic

This is an incomplete and outdated bibliography of papers, presentations, books, etc related to Tsimshianic languages. This document is for reference only and may not be updated regularly.

  1. Anderson, Margaret Seguin. 1992. The Discourse of White Privilege. Proceedings of ICSNL 27, pp. 1-5.

  2. Anderson, Margaret Seguin, & Marjorie Halpin (eds.). 2000. Potlatch at Gitsegukla: William Beynon’s 1945 Field Notebooks. Vancouver: UBC Press.

  3. Ayer, Edward Everett. 1881. A selection of prayers translated from the book of common prayer in the Giatikshan Language for use at the public services. Victoria: The Colonist Steam Presses.

  4. Bach, Emmon. 2004. Argument marking in Riverine Tsimshian. Ms, UMass/SOAS.

  5. Barbeau, Marius. 1928. The downfall of Temlaham. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers.

  6. Beck, David. 2002. Tsimshianic from a Central Northwest areal perspective: I*. In Papers from ICSNL XXXVII: The Thirty-Seventh International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Languages, pp. 35-60.

  7. Belvin, Robert. 1984. Nisgha syntax and the ergativity hypothesis. MA thesis, Univeristy of British Columbia.

  8. Belvin, Robert. 1985. Nisgha syntax and the ergativity hypothesis: an analysis using the Government and Binding model. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 20, pp. 25-76.

  9. Belvin, Robert. 1990. Person markers and patterns of case assignment in Nisgha. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 25.17-36.

  10. Belvin, Robert. 1990. Ergativity and accusativity in Nisgha syntax. Berkeley Linguistics Society 16s:3-18.

  11. Boas, Franz. 1902. Tsimshian Texts. Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin 27.

  12. Boas, Franz. 1911. Tsimshian. Handbook of American Indian Languages, Bulletin No. 40, Part I, 287-422.

  13. Boas, Franz. 1916. Tsimshian mythology. Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology 31: pp. 537-542.

  14. Bookbuilders of ‘Ksan. 1977. We-gyet wanders on. Saanichton: Hancock House Publishers.

  15. Brown, Jason. 2007. Patterns of deglottalisation in Tsimshianic. In K. Johannsdottir & M. Oberg (eds.) Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics vol. 20, pp. 89-100.

  16. Brown, Jason. 2007. Double plurals and the syntax of words in Gitksan. Paper presented at the Workshop on Parts and Quantities, University of British Columbia.

  17. Brown, Jason. 2009. Reduplicative variability in Gitksan. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. San Francisco, January 2009.

  18. Brown, Jason. 2009. An unexpected gap in Gitksan consonant cluster phonotactics. In C. Christodoulou & J. Lyon (eds.), Papers for the International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages XLIII. 23:14-21.

  19. Brown, Jason. 2010. Gitksan phonotactics. München: Lincom Europa.

  20. Brown, Jason. 2010. Reduplicative productivity in contexts of language obsolescence. Paper to be presented at the New Zealand Language and Society Conference, Auckland, NZ.

  21. Brown, Jason & Henry Davis. 2010. WH moves in Gitksan. But where? And how? Paper presented at the 45th International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages, Eugene, OR, June 2010. http://sites.google.com/site/icsnl45/papers/BrownandDavisICSNL2010.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

  22. Brown, Jason & Gunnar Hansson. 2008. Lexical consonant cooccurrence patterns in Gitksan (Tsimshianic). Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. Jan. 3-6, 2008, Chicago, IL.

  23. Brown, Jason & Gunnar Ólafur Hansson. 2008. Gradient phonotactics in the Gitksan lexicon. Poster presented at LabPhon 11, Wellington, New Zealand.

  24. Brown, Jason & Tyler Peterson. 2008. Grammaticalization and strategies in resolving subject marking paradoxes: The case of Tsimshianic. In H. de Hoop & P. de Swart (eds.), Differential Subject Marking. Amsterdam: Kluwer., pp. 223-246.

  25. Compton, B.D. 1993. Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian ethnbotany: the knowledge and usage of plants and fungi among the Oweekeno, Hanaksiala (Kitlope and Kemano),Haisla (Kitamaat) and Kitasoo peoples of the Central and Noth Coasts of British Columbia. Ph.D. dissertation, UBC.

  26. Compton, Brian D. & Marie-Lucie Tarpent. 1994. Tsimshianic animal names with notes on their referents, distributions, and origins. Proceedings of ICSNL 29, pp. 79-116.

  27. Daly, Richard. 2005. Our box was full: An ethnography for the Delgamuukw plaintiffs. Vancouver: UBC Press.

  28. Davis, Henry & Jason Brown. 2010. Precedence vs. C-command: the curious case of binding in Gitksan. Paper presented at the 45th International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages, Eugene, OR, June 2010. http://sites.google.com/site/icsnl45/papers/DavisandBrownICSNL2010.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

  29. DeLancey, Scott; C. Genetti and N. Rude. 1988. Klamath-Sahaptian-Tsimshian cognate sets. William Shipley, ed., In honor of Mary Haas: From the Haas Festival Conference on Native American Linguistics, pp. 195-224. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

  30. Dunn, John Asher. 1970. Coast Tsimshian phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Mexico.

  31. Dunn, John Asher. 1972. Collapse of the Modality and pronominal systems in contemporary Coast Tsimshian. International Conference on Salishan Languages 7.

  32. Dunn, John Asher. 1974. Preverbal position in Coast Tsimshian. International Journal of American Linguistics 40:10-14.

  33. Dunn, John Asher. 1978. A Practical Dictionary of the Coast Tsimshian Language. Ottawa: National Museum of Man. (Canadian Ethnology Service, Mercury Series Paper No. 42).

  34. Dunn, John Asher. 1978. Coast Tsimshian Relativization. Proceedings of ICSNL 13, pp. 334-351.

  35. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. A Reference Grammar for the Coast Tsimshian Language. Ottawa: National Museum of Man. (Canadian Ethnology Service, Mercury Series Paper No. 55).

  36. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. Notes on Tsimshian Reduplication,” International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 14:59-85.

  37. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. Tsimshian connectives. International Journal of American Linguistics 45:131-140.

  38. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. Pronominal concord in Coast Tsimshian. International Journal of American Linguistics 45:224-231.

  39. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. Notes on Tsimshian reduplication. Proceedings of the International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 14:59-85.

  40. Dunn, John Asher. 1979. Tsimshian internal relations reconsidered: Southern Tsimshian. In Barbara S. Efrat (ed.), The Victoria Conference on Northwestern Languages, Nov. 4-5, 1976. Victoria: British Columbia Provincial Museum. pp. 62-82.

  41. Dunn, John Asher. 1980. Coast Tsimshian Reduplicative Plurals. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 15.

  42. Dunn, John Asher. 1983. Coast Tsimshian non-basal suffixes. Anthropological Linguistics 25:1-18.

  43. Dunn, John Asher. 1985. Tsimshian colourological semiotics. Proceedings of ICSNL 20, pp. Mulder, Jean ICSNL-15, Year 1980

  44. Dunn, John Asher. 1986. Southern Tsimshian extrasyllabic initial stops. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 21.125-132.

  45. Dunn, John Asher. 1987. A preliminary note on Tsimshian oblique subjects. Proceedings of ICSNL 22, pp. 125-132.

  46. Dunn, John Asher. 1988. Aesthetic properties of a Coast Tsimshian text fragment. Proceedings of ICSNL 23, pp. 78-89.

  47. Dunn, John Asher. 1988. Oblique subjects: The Southern Tsimshian example. In M.M.T. Henderson (ed.), 1987 Mid-America Linguistics Conference Papers. Lawrence: University of Kansas.

  48. Dunn, John Asher. 1989. Tsimshian poetics. In M.R. Key & H. Hoenigswald (eds.) General and Amerindian Ethnolinguistics, pp. 395-406. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

  49. Dunn, John Asher. 1990. Inflection Structures in Lower Tsimshianic. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 25.113-124.

  50. Dunn, John Asher. 1991. An Autolexical Sketch of SgüüXs (Southern Tsimshianic) Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nominatives. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 26.81-96.

  51. Dunn, John Asher. 1993. SgüüXs (Southern Tsimshianic) chameleon vowels. In A. Mattina and T. Monter (eds.), American Indian Linguistics and Ethnography in Honor of Laurence C. Thompson. University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 369-383.

  52. Dunn, John Asher. 1995. Sm’algyax: A Reference Dictionary and Grammar for the Coast Tsimshian Language. Washington, D.C.: University of Washington Press and Sealaska Heritage Foundation.

  53. Dunn, John Asher. 1996. Possessive constructions in a Coast Tsimshian text. Proceedings of ICSNL 31, pp. 127-142.

  54. Dunn, John Asher. 1998. Gwisgaayn’s punctuation. Proceedings of ICSNL 33, pp. 108-165.

  55. Dunn, John Asher. 1998. Disjunct and non-disjunct possession in a Coast Tsimshian text. Paper presented at the Winter Meeting of the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas, New York.

  56. Dunn, John Asher. 2002. Tsimshian iterative-aorist ablaut. UBCWPL Volume 9 ICSNL XXXVII: The Thirty-Seventh International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Languages (ed by C. Gillon, N. Sawai & R. Wojdak) pp. 133-146.

  57. Dunn, John and Rick Hays. 1980. Gamma Bonding and Contraction in Tsimshian Uvular Syllables. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 15.137-162.

  58. Dunn, John and Rick Hays. 1983. Tsimshian uvular syllables. International Journal of American Linguistics 49.46-63.

  59. Durlach, T.M. 1928. The relationship systems of the Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian. Proceedings of the American Ethnological Society 11.

  60. Flaherty, V. C. 1982. Schulenberg’s Tsimshian grammar, 2 vols. University of Northern Colorado Museum of Anthropology Occasional Publications in Anthropology 8.

  61. Harris, Sadie. 1999. Not all is well: can the Gitxsan Nation reverse the call. M.A. thesis, University of British Columbia.

  62. Hayward, Russel. 1980-1983. Tsimshian Stories vols 1-5. Metlakatla, AK: Metlakatla Indian Corporation.

  63. Hindle, Lonnie and Bruce Rigsby. 1973. A short practical dictionary of the Gitksan language. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 7:1-60.

  64. Hoard, James E. 1978. Obstruent voicing in Gitksan: some implications for distinctive feature theory. In Eung-Do Cook and Jonathan Kaye (eds.) Linguistic Studies of Native Canada. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, pp. 111-119.

  65. Hunt, Katherine. 1990. The status of glottalized glides in Gitksan. Western Conference on Linguistics 3:152-161.

  66. Hunt, Katherine. 1991. Pronominal arguments in Gitksan? Proceedings of the Western Conference on Linguistics vol. 4, pp. 204-216.

  67. Hunt, Katherine. 1993. Clause Structure, Agreement, and Case in Gitksan. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia.

  68. Ikegami, Yoko. 2008. Possessives, passives and middles: external argument deletion in Gitksan. Proceedings of WSCLAXII: The Twelfth Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas. Ed. by Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini. UBCWPL volume 21, pp. 72-85.

  69. Ingram, John and Bruce Rigsby. 1987. Glottalic stops in Gitksan: an acoustic analysis. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Talinn, Estonia), pp. 134-137.

  70. Jelinek, Eloise. 1986. The ergativity hypothesis and the argument hierarchy in Nisgha. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 21, pp. 7-17.

  71. Jensen, Vickie and J.V. Powell. 1979-1980. Learning Gitksan (Western Dialect, Books 1-4). Kitwancool, Kitsegukla, and Kitwanga Indian Bands.

  72. Jóhannsdóttir, Kristin M. 2006. Aspect in Gitxsan. In Atsushi Fujimori & Maria Amália Reis Silva (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on Constituency and Structure in the Languages of the Americas XI University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics 19 pp. 82-94.

  73. Jóhannsdóttir, Kristín and Lisa Matthewson 2007. Zero-marked Tense: The Case of Gitxsan. Proceedings of NELS 37.

  74. Johnson LM. 1999 Gitksan plant classification and nomenclature. Journal of Ethnobiology 19:179- 220.

  75. Krauss, Michael E. & Jeff Leer. 1981. Athabaskan, Eyak, and Tlingit sonorants. Alaska Native Language Research Papers Number 5.

  76. Leer, Jeff. 1978. Introduction. In Tongass texts. By Frank Williams and Emma Williams. Ed. and transcribed by Jeff Leer. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center. pp. 6-17.

  77. Livingston, Ellen B. 1987. Pronominal suffixes in Nisgha. Proceedings of ICSNL 22, pp. 133-148.

  78. Livingtson, Ellen B. 1989. Conjoined arguments in Nisgha. Proceedings of ICSNL 24, pp. 204-215.

  79. Lyon, John. 2008. A Perception Study of Glottalization in Gitksan Resonants. Paper presented at Acoustics Week in Canada, meeting of the CAA.

  80. Maud, Ralph. 2000. Transmission Difficulties: Franz Boas and Tsimshian Mythology. Burnaby, British Columbia: Talon Books.

  81. McDonald, James Andrew. 2003. People of the Robin: The Tsimshian of Kitsumkalum. Solstice series no. 1, CCI Press & Alberta ACADRE Network.

  82. Mills, P. Dawn. 2008. For future generations: Reconciling Gitxsan and Canadian law. Saskatoon: Purich Publishing Ltd.

  83. Molloy, Tom. 2000. The world is our witness: The historic journey of the Nisga’a into Canada. Calgary: Fifth House Publishers.

  84. Mulder, Jean. 1982. The Tsimshian English dialect: The result of language interference. In H.G. Bartelt, S.P. Jasper, & B.L. Hoffer (eds.), Essays in Native American English, pp. 195-111. Trinity University.

  85. Mulder, Jean. 1987. Syntactic ergativity in Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algyax). Proceedings of ICSNL 22.

  86. Mulder, Jean. 1987. Morphological ergativity in Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algyax). In. P.D. Kroeber & R.E. Moore (eds.), Native American Languages and Grammatical Typology. Indiana University Linguistics Club, pp. 165-185.

  87. Mulder, Jean. 1988. The viability of the notion of subject in Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algyax). Proceedings of ICSNL 23, pp. 90-102.

  88. Mulder, Jean. 1989. Syntactic ergativity in Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algyax). Studies in Language 13:405-435.

  89. Mulder, Jean. 1994. The viability of the notion of subject in Coast Tsimshian. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 34:129-144.

  90. Mulder, Jean Gail. 1994. Ergativity in Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algyax). Berkeley: University of California Press. University of California Publications in Linguistics 124.

  91. Mulder, Jean & Holly Sellers. 2010. Classifying clitics in Sm’algyax: Approaching theory from the field. In A.L. Berez, J. Mulder & D. Rosenblum (eds.), Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas. University of Hawai’i Press, pp. 33-56.

  92. Peterson, Tyler. 2004. Case and the (re)organization of semantic roles in Tsimshian connectives. In ICSNL XXXIX: Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Languages, J.C. Brown & T. Peterson (eds), Vancouver: UBCWPL pp. 323-340.

  93. Peterson, Tyler. 2006. Issues of morphological ergativity in the Tsimshian languages: Determiners, agreement and the reconstruction of case. In Case, Valency and Transitivity. L. Kulikov, A. Malchukov, and P. de Swart (eds), Amsterdam: John Benjamins pp. 65-90

  94. Peterson, Tyler. To appear. The ordering source and graded modality in Gitksan epistemic modals. In proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13, Stuttgart, Germany.

  95. Peterson, Tyler. To appear. Pragmatic blocking in Gitksan evidential expressions. In Proceedings of the 38th Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society, Amherst, Mass: GLSA Publications

  96. Powell, J.V. and Russell Stevens. 1977. Gitxsanimx: Gitksan Language (Books 1 & 2). Kispiox Band.

  97. Rigsby, Bruce. 1967. Tsimshian comparative vocabularies with notes on Nass-Gitksan systematic phonology. Paper presented at the International Conference on Salish Languages.

  98. Rigsby, Bruce. 1970. A note on Gitksan speech-play. International Journal of American Linguistics 36:212-215.

  99. Rigsby, Bruce. 1975. Nass-Gitksan: An analytic ergative syntax. International Journal of American Linguistics 41:346-354.

  100. Rigsby, Bruce. 1986. Gitksan grammar. Ms, University of Queensland.

  101. Rigsby, Bruce. 1987. Indigenous language shift and maintenance in Fourth World settings. Multilingua 6:359-378.

  102. Rigsby, Bruce. 1989. A later view of Gitksan syntax. In M.R. Key & H. Hoenigswald (eds.), General and Amerindian Ethnolinguistics. Berlin: Mouton, pp. 245-260.

  103. Rigsby, Bruce. 1986. Excerpts from the introduction to ‘Gitksan Grammar’. Proceedings of ICSNL 21, pp. 269-286.

  104. Rigsby, Bruce & John Ingram. 1987. Obstruent voicing and glottalic obstruents in Gitksan. Proceedings of ICSNL 22, pp. 49-61.

  105. Rigsby, Bruce and John Ingram. 1990. Obstruent voicing and glottalic obstruents in Gitksan. International Journal of American Linguistics 56:251-263.

  106. Rigsby, Bruce & James Kari. 1987. Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en linguistic relations. Ms, University of Queensland and ANLC, Fairbanks.

  107. Rood, David S. 1977. Against artificial tree branches: another look at Nass-Gitksan syntax. International Journal of American Linguistics 43:218-224.

  108. Roth, Christopher F. 2008. Becoming Tsimshian: The social life of names. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

  109. Sapir, Edward. 1915. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians. Canada Department of Mines. Geological Survey. Museum Bulletin No. 19. Anthropological Series, No. 7.

  110. Sapir, Edward. 1920. Nass River terms of relationship. American Anthropologist 22.261-71.

  111. Sasama, Fumiko. 1995. Coast Tsimshain plural formation with phonological introduction. M.A. thesis, Hokkaido University.

  112. Sasama, Fumiko. 1997. A report on Coast Tsimshian ‘interrupted vowels’. Languages of the North Pacific Rim 2:47-60.

  113. Sasama, Fumiko. 1998. On the occurrence of plural forms in Coast Tsimshian. Gengo Kenkyu (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan) 113:1-30.

  114. Sasama, Fumiko. 2001. A descriptive study of the Coast Tsimshian morphology. Ph.D. dissertation, Kyoto University.

  115. Seguin, Margaret. 1984. Rich foods and real people: a problem with Tsimshian food categories in Boas’ Tsimshian mythology. Proceedings of ICSNL 19, pp. 324-330.

  116. Shaw, Patricia A. 1987. Non-conservation of melodic structure in reduplication. In Bosch, Need, & Schiller (eds.), Proceedings of CLS 23, Part 2: Parasession on Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Pp. 291-306.

  117. Smith, Harlan I., Brian D. Compton (ed.), Bruce Rigsby (ed.), & Marie-Lucie Tarpent (ed.). 1997. Ethnobotany of the Gitksan Indians of British Columbia. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization.

  118. Stebbins, Tonya. 1999. Issues in Sm’algyax (Coast Tsimshian) lexicography. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Melbourne.

  119. Stebbins, Tonya. 1996. On the class of adjectives in Coast Tsimshian. Proceedings of ICSNL 31, pp. 275-282.

  120. Stebbins, Tonya. 1997. Reanalysis and the Coast Tsimshian Lexicon. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 32.340-351.

  121. Stebbins, Tonya (compiler). 2001. Sm’algyax learner’s dictionary. 5 vols. Prince Rupert: School District 52.

  122. Stebbins, Tonya. 2003. On the status of intermediate form classes: words, clitics, and affixes in Sm’algyax (Coast Tsimshian). Linguistic Typology 7:383-416.

  123. Stebbins, Tonya. 2003. Fighting language endangerment: Community directed research on Sm’algyax (Coast Tsimshian). Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim A2-026.

  124. Stebbins, Tonya. 2004. Polysemy, homonymy and sense modulation in Sm’algyax. International Journal of Lexicography 17:1-32.

  125. Sterritt, Neil J., Susan Marsden, Robert Galois, Peter R. Grant, & Richard Overstall. 1998. Tribal boundaries in the Nass watershed. Vancouver: UBC Press.

  126. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1981. Them Fred: Factors in the evolution of a Tsimshianism. Proceedings of ICSNL 16, pp. 387-402.

  127. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1982. Ergative and accusative: A single representation of grammatical relations with evidence from Nisgha. Working Papers of the Linguistic Circle of Victoria 2/1:50-106.

  128. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1982. A Tsimshian English expression: ‘Them Fred’. In H.G. Bartelt, S.P. Jasper, & B.L. Hoffer (eds.), Essays in Native American English, pp. 113-120. Trinity University.

  129. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1983. Morphophonemics of Nisgha plural formation: A step towards Proto-Tsimshian reconstruction. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 8:123-214.

  130. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1983. The evolution of the Nisgha counting system: A window on cultural change. Working Papers of the Linguistic Circle of Victoria 3/1:60-86.

  131. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1984. From the Nisgha speaker’s point of view: the evidential postclitics. Proceedings of ICSNL 19, pp. 356-371.

  132. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie (ed.). 1986. Haniimagoonisgum Algaxhl Nisga’a. Nisgha Phrase Dictionary. New Aiyansh, British Columbia: School District 92.

  133. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1986. Nisgha Possessives. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 21, pp. 18-34.

  134. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1987. Between Ergative and Accusative Syntax: Lessons from Nisgha/English Syntactic Interference,” International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 22.149-171.

  135. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1987. A grammar of the Nisgha language. Ph.D. thesis, University of Victoria.

  136. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1988. Below the surface of Nisgha syntax: Arguments and adjuncts. International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages 23.

  137. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1990. Nisgha vowel alternations. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 25.313-336.

  138. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1991. The morpheme e and the mysteries of Nisgha Syntax. International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages 26, pp. 317-345.

  139. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1994. “Tsimshianic Stress Assignment and the Words for ‘MEAT, BEAR’. Proceedings of ICSNL 29, pp. 243-264.

  140. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1996. Reattaching Tsimshianic to Penutian. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages 9.91-112.

  141. Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1997. Tsimshianic and Penutian: Problems, methods, results, and implications. International Journal of American Linguistics 63:52-244.

  142. Thompson, Wendy. 1984. Reduplication in Nisgha. M.A. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

  143. Tolmie, W. Fraser & George M. Dawson. 1884. Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes of British Columbia with a map illustrating distribution. Montreal: Dawson Brothers.

  144. Um, Hye-Young. 1998. Laryngeals and laryngeal features. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.

  145. Wickstrom, Ronald. 1974. A phonology of Gitksan, with emphasis on glottalization. M.A. thesis, University of Victoria.