In Ruben Dario’s poem, he alternatively offers an overturn to the North American assumptions about their own superiority. In Zapata’s text he declares a war against Madero, for not complying with the promises he made and has intentionally ignored and silenced the pueblos who demand from him the fulfillment of the promises he made. This I find to be very typical of Latin American leaders. Every presidential election within the past decades in Peru, have started with many promises and ended with none completed. In Jose Vasconcelo’s excerpt, he provides us with 3 laws or stages indicated by the law of personal taste as the basis of all human relationships. These include the material or warlike (only matter rules), the intellectual or political (where reason prevails) and the spiritual or aesthetic (sought in creative feeling). Writing in the aftermath of the conflict, Vasconcelos is driven by a desire to reconstitute and celebrate a torn country and actively participates in the reconstruction process. Through his celebration he strongly embraces hybridity as mankind’s best hope where the best qualities of all races will be saved and the worst discarded. Finally, in the last document, Jose Carlos Mariategui provides in his essay acknowledges Marxists, who combine the political ideology of those who advocated the 1919 general strike in Buenos Aires, Argentina, focusing on the rural problems that shape the Peruvian leftists. Instead of focusing on an emergent working class, he sees indigenous peoples of Peru as the source of an organic form of communism. He believes it is not the modern proletarians who will defeat capitalism in Peru, but the communist Indians. I somewhat agree with this last statemenent and I feel like it is hard for people to consider/understand mainly because they see the Indian “economy” or “society” as backwards or primitive and have a hard time adopting their ways of life in todays modern world.