Dee, I. (2012, April 10). sms [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://flic.kr/p/bM37nF

Drouin, M., & Davis, C. (2009). R U txting? Is the use of text speak hurting your literacy? Journal of Literacy Research, 41(1), 46-67.

Kemp, N., & Bushnell, C. (2011). Children’s text messaging: Abbreviations, input methods and links with literacy. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(1), 18-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00400.x

MacEntee, S. (2012, June 29). ipad [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://flic.kr/p/co2sg5

Nye, D. E. (1997). Shaping communication networks: Telegraph, telephone, computer. Social Research, 64(3), 1067-1091.

Ong, W. J. (2002). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. London: Routledge.

Oxford Dictionaries. (2015, November 16). Oxford Dictionaries word of the year 2015 is… Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/11/word-of-the-year-2015-emoji/

Ransford, M. (2014, April 22). Study: College students not embracing tablets as originally predicted. Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://cms.bsu.edu/news/articles/2014/4/students-can-live-without-tablets-but-not-smartphones

Wickramanayaka, U. (2015, April 13). Scrolling down [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://flic.kr/p/rSCbtk

Winning telephone tips (Mercer County Community College, Comp.). (1992). Retrieved from EBSCO database. (ED351598)