Theme 3: Reference Materials

Recently I had a heated discussion with a retired school librarian who firmly believes that the need for a reference section and the need for physical reference materials was a thing of the past. She was frustrated that my understandings from this course were leading me to hold reference materials in reverence! She was quite adamant that library resources and space could be more effectively allocated. I found myself smiling when I realized that, prior to the readings and discussions in Module 3, I would have blindly agreed. Having completed the Reference Materials module, however, my own initial beliefs and bias have shifted.

I made a sweeping statement in an earlier assignment about the primacy of online reference resources over print resources from a space, cost and environmental perspective. Thankfully, Florian challenged my statement and got me thinking further about the role of reference materials and how to best allocate scarce resources (space, time and money). In the end, I found myself arguing ‘for’ hard copy reference materials and a physical space that highlights and makes these resources accessible.

In this course, we’ve considered the physical library setting, print and digital resources and the role of the teacher librarian. All of these aspects weave together to make the library learning commons what it can be:

“a whole school approach to building a participatory learning community.” (p. 5 Leading Learning).

cc image Giulia Forsythe Flickr Stream

I’ve known several librarians who have worked hard and felt like they were swimming upstream as they drastically weeded resources and radically shifted the physical space, moving towards providing makerspace opportunities, increasing access to digital resources and creating an online, virtual presence to support students in conducting inquiries and knowledge construction. Some are fortunate enough to be a part of a supportive and collaborative school culture or are skilled (and supported) enough to help shift the culture. For these lucky TL’s, the hours of work (and working through some resistance) seem to pay off.  For those, however, who haven’t seen the shift in student learning or school culture they’d hoped, it can be disappointing or even disillusioning. Their library may be a beautiful, engaging and physically comfortable space, but they just don’t feel like they’re making the difference they’d hoped. Teachers are ‘using’ the library as a separate space where they drop their students during prep time rather than engaging with the librarian in co-planning and co-teaching. Of course, I’ve also been a teacher in schools where I want this kind of support but am disappointed to find the teacher librarian is more focussed on facilitating book exchange, developing a stand along program of library instruction and leaving at 3pm than working together to transform learning opportunities. As mentioned in a post in Module 5, Riedling’s librarian reminds me more of the latter while the Leading Learning librarian is the former. I hope to be the former (but perhaps with a bit of Riedling’s obviously vast knowledge about reference materials ;D).

“Active and knowledgeable involvement in participatory learning is a necessary competence for today’s learners.” (Leading Learning p.19)

Like our learners, librarians need to be involved in participatory culture. A librarian can’t simply ‘build it and hope they come’, but must help lead the change and model a new way of teaching and learning in a school. But how? I’d suggest they might start with engaging the school community in applying a human-centered design thinking approach to moving the library and the school forward during a time of curriculum change. Staying abreast of research and effective pedagogies (such as design thinking) can place the librarian as one who is seen to lead learning in the school. I love this example of teens engaged in tranforming a local library – what an opportunity!

“Regardless of which teachers inhabit and inherit new learning spaces, they will do so differently, according to their own perceived needs and those of their students. A move into a new space can therefore be viewed as a “finished beginning” and a starting point from which adaptations that support successful learning can occur.” (Barrett &Zhang, 2009 in Bradbeer, 2016, p. 76)

As a teacher, I’ve tried to not be ‘binary’ in my views – black and white; yes and no; good and bad – but instead, have tried to inhabit a space between. A friend once told me that I seem to naturally occupy what she referred to as the “Middle Space” in my work and personal relationships.  As I read about this space, I realize that this is the space librarians (who are also mentors, leaders and coaches) can benefit from inhabiting. In this space, we’re best able to collaborate and, as a result, innovate and influence learning. As someone working in this middle space, I see the opportunity to both bring my perspectives to any discussion and to learn from the views and ideas of others – something I’ve endeavoured to do in this course, as a teacher with my students and as a colleague.

 

References:

Bradbeer, C, Working Together in the space-between Pedagogy, Learning Environment and Teacher Collaboration, 2016, 8 pp.75 – 90

Canadian Library Association. “Leading Learning: Standards of Practice for School Library Learning Commons in Canada” (2014) http://llsop.canadianschoollibraries.ca/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Riedling, Ann, Reference skills for the school library media specialist: Tools and tips, (Third Edition). Pgs. 99-105. Linworth.

Evaluation of a Reference Resource

Introduction

For the purposes of Assignment One, the Evaluation of a Reference Resource, I paid a visit to my ‘local’ library: the Neville Scarfe Education Library at UBC. Prior to this course, I hadn’t considered ‘reference resources’ as unique from other resources and so paid a visit to the Reference desk in the library. The reference librarian was out, so I asked the library technician to point me to the Reference Section. She informed me that, while many libraries house such a section, our library is not organized in that way. She wasn’t sure quite how we would search for references in the catalogue other than by specific type so that is what we did. On my journey through the library, I came across many dusty tombs in the stacks including multiple thesauri and more than a dozen shelves full of dictionaries, including slang dictionaries that Riedling (2013) suggests may have value depending on the school and community context (p. 66). Many of these would not meet the “MUSTIE” test (Crew, 2008, p. 46) With the library closing soon, I selected a few of the lighter volumes to bring home for review.

While Riedling (2013) responds “You bet!” (p. 61) to her own question “Do dictionaries and encyclopedias still matter today?”, I wonder. As one who subscribes to a descriptive philosophy in that I believe language is ever evolving and that dictionaries need to reflect these changes, I think such ready reference resources are best housed in an environment that allows for such change to occur as needed. Simply adding to the many volumes on multiple shelves in a library is not the most effective or efficient way to ‘update’. Instead, access to online resources is a better option as they can be updated as needed, provide access to rich media to increase engagement and learning value and, finally, are a more environmentally responsible option given the need to replace volumes periodically. While needing less frequent replacement than encyclopedia (Riedling, 2013), they do become worn and dated when they lack words commonly appearing in news reports (Crew, 2008).

A thesaurus, “a specialized dictionary that deals solely with word synonyms and antonyms” (Riedling, 2013, p. 66) holds appeal to me as a lover of language. I have my own copy of Roget’s Thesaurus and, while I have never felt it was out of date, I realize I rarely use it. Instead, I’ve come to prefer the thesaurus function in my word processor and, for teaching purposes, a much more visually appealing, rapid search tool available online: ThinkMap.

Original Library Resource: Print Thesaurus

In Other Words: An Introductory Thesaurus

Vera Dobson Gould & Patricia J. Hughes

Rubicon Publishing, Toronto Canada 1991

ISBN0-921156-11-1

The original resource is a print Thesaurus developed specifically for a middle school to high school audience. While located on the bottom shelf in a basement section of the library stacks with multiple dictionaries and thesaurus, it stands out due to the colourful binding with block lettered title. Being a soft cover resource, it is lighter in weight than other dictionaries, still, circulation records indicate it has not been checked out in the past year. Dictionaries and thesaurus account for more than a dozen shelves in the education library stacks (over a hundred volumes). Extensive weeding is needed. Circulation records indicate “In other Words” has not been checked out in the past three years, making it a candidate for weeding by Crew’s (2008) standards. A brief discussion with the reference librarian and a library technician indicated that encyclopedias, dictionaries and thesaurus are rarely borrowed and, while records do not exist for their use as reference inside the bricks and mortar library, the library technician indicated she rarely finds them in the book bins for re-shelving.

 

Potential Replacement: A Digital Thesaurus

ThinkMap Visual Thesaurus

Multiple vetted and credentialed authors (editors, educators, academics)

Copyright ThinkMap, Inc. 1998-2018 (formerly WordNet 1.7 Copyright 1996 Princeton University)

LINK: http://www.thinkmap.com/

“Image from the Visual Thesaurus, Copyright ©1998-2018 Thinkmap, Inc. All rights reserved

There are many online thesauri including ones published by such reputable and known companies as Mirriam Webster and Collins. Collins has a free subscription geared to students with a ‘primary’ and a ‘secondary’ version that contain some education related advertisements that do not interfere with usability.  It is unfortunate that there does not seem to be a paid option that removes all advertisements. If such a version were available, I would recommend Collins given the responsive user interface over Mirriam Webster. While the Collins thesaurus is not as interactive and attractive as the ThinkMap Visual Thesaurus, it is quite usable, includes language translation and a word game. ThinkMap is a highly interactive, responsive and accessible visual thesaurus (see features in the evaluation rubric below).

Evaluation Rubrics

Below are two completed Single Point Rubrics with evaluative comments in italics. The rubric formatting is adapted from #singlepointrubric on Twitter for more on these more flexible, open rubrics, visit A Cult of Pedagogy.

Thesaurus rubric Thinkmap rubric

Recommendations

I strongly recommend the purchase of an online thesaurus. Given the large amount of space taken up by both print thesaurus and dictionaries, their lack of use and their lack of value relative (as seen in the rubrics above) to a rich media enabled online source that includes fully functional accessibility features including multiple languages, font size adjustments, customization, a digital option is preferable.

I think one unique way to access a thesaurus in our library that would likely increase use and awareness of the value of a thesaurus, would be to install several wall-mounted touch screens including one near the reference desk and near the student work tables. On these screens, students could access the dictionary and thesaurus without the need to sit down at a work station or login. Such a resource launched and accessible would support students utilizing a thesaurus in order to improve their vocabulary and written work and would likely lead to richer vocabulary being used by library patrons in their work (and, perhaps, everyday communication!).

Given the budget available in a large academic library and the potential impact of a resource as valuable as an interactive thesaurus, I would recommend the purchase of a subscription to ThinkMap should it be possible to either negotiate a single or multi-station access license to support a digital display as mentioned above or, perhaps, university-wide option available with campus-wide login. Such access would not be unusual given the fact that UBC has licensing agreements with many proprietary cloud and computer based softwares for use by faculty, staff and students. (I am awaiting a response from the sales department to confirm exact pricing and potential plans)

References

Commonsense Media: https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/who-we-are
CREW: A Weeding Manual for Modern Libraries © Copyright 2008 Texas State Library and Archives Commission

 

Riedling, A. M., Houston, C., & Shake, L. (2013). Reference skills for the school librarian tools and tips. Santa Barbara, California: Linworth.

 

 

 

 

THEME 1: The Foundation of Reference Services

Thinking in stricter and more defined terms about certain types of resources as  ‘reference’ materials was a new experience for me. Reviewing the different types of reference works and considering their use, value and how quickly they become dated, reminded me that more and more teachers and their students rely on their own searching rather than seeking help in the bricks and mortar library. I was reminded in the amusing NPR article “Before the Internet, Librarians would ‘Answer Everything’ – and Still Do” that the role of the librarian has been shifting over the past decade or so for good reason…

Riedling (p. 4) recognizes that the TL must develop “competency in selecting, acquiring and evaluating resources to meet students’ needs” but this is not enough. The librarian cannot be simply the keeper of books and disseminator of knowledge but, more than ever, the TL has an essential role to play in helping teachers and students “learn information literacy and develop lifelong learning skills and habits” (Asselin et al, 2006, p.5). Empowering library patrons to become “Information literate citizens” is the call to action of today’s librarian is taking up!

Research, inquiry and resource evaluation is something I not only do in my work regularly, but something I teach. I am familiar with the research and inquiry models in Riedling and have taught courses on inquiry and have worked with reference librarians to provide in-service to teacher candidates (TCs) in the BEd program here at UBC. Our objective has been to help the TCs become more effective at seeking, evaluating, selecting and incorporating multimodal resources into their planning and teaching to enrich student learning. Rather than providing students with a set of criteria, we follow a more socio-constructivist approach in an attempt to help them internalize these criteria rather than simply be exposed to or memorize a given set of criteria. I thought some in the class might be interested in one approach we’ve used and have outlined it below:

  1. Activate prior knowledge – students define, sort and classify a multi-modal resources (including reference resources).

                                  cc image Y. Dawydiak LLED 351 course materials

  2. “Mini-inquiry” – review two different but related websites with the prompt to “How are these are ‘good’ resources?”

                                  cc image Y. Dawydiak LLED 351 course materials

  1. Share out – what questions did you have? what criteria did you develop?
    • It is always fascinating to me that when we share out, the students ‘naturally’ come up with criterion such as reliable, valid, reputable and relevant. Criteria we find in the more formal models including those presented in Riedling with respect to reference resources.
  1. Synthesize – we co-create a ‘five finger rule’ or mnemonic to help evaluate a resource (one example created by a class in 2016 below):

R – Reading level: reading interest, reliable, real (authentic, accurate)

O – Outdated (no?) current, date of publication

C – Curriculum fit: relevant for my students, this unit

K – Kid friendly: interesting, kool, engaging

S – Source: where is it from, who wrote it, bias, accurate

At other times, I share one or two with them including ‘The C.R.A.A.P test” (https://www.csuchico.edu/lins/handouts/eval_websites.pdf ) and the ever popular “F.A.R.T test” – both sure to appeal to the kid in all of us! As pointed out by Susan in her Lesson 3 discussion post, Riedling’s own criteria are reminiscent of these easy to remember mnemonic models.

F – Is the site Friendly to the eyes?

A –  Does the Author have Authority?

R –  Is the information Repeated elsewhere?

T –  Is the information Timely?

From: http://knowledgequest.aasl.org/web-evaluation-website-smell-funny/

F.A.R.T also asks us to consider the appearance of the resource. Given how unwieldy some reference materials can be (both on and off line), it is important to consider organization and visual appeal in our evaluation.

I’m looking forward to how the next themes in this course connect with and enrich my experience! YD

References:

Asselin, M., Branch, J., & Oberg, D. (2003), Achieving information literacy: Standards for schoollibrary programs in Canada, CASL, Ottawa, Ontario.

Riedling, A.M. (2013). Reference skills for the school media specialist: Tools and tips, 3rd edition. Linworth.

 

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