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Mini Assignment

Comparing Two Different Measures – World’s Best Cities to Live in

Mercer and Economist Intelligence Unit produce rankings every year on the world’s most liveable cities. The reports from both organizations show the cities around the world with the highest standards of living. These rankings are based on different variables to measure the quality of the cities, and thus show different results.

According to Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey 2011, these cities ranked the highest:

  1. Vienna, Austria
  2. Zurich, Switzerland
  3. Auckland, New Zealand
  4. Munich, Germany
  5. Dusseldorf, Germany and Vancouver, Canada
  6. Frankfurt, Germany
  7. Geneva, Switzerland
  8. Bern, Switzerland and Copenhagen, Denmark

This Survey is based on the criteria of safety, education, hygiene, health care, culture, environment, recreation, political-economic stability and public transportation. Mercer uses New York City as the central point of comparison – giving it a median score of 100. The rest of the cities are measure against this score. At the bottom of the list was Port-au-Prince, Haiti with a score of 27.8.

Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) created a list of World’s Most Liveable Cities in 2011, which ranked the following at the top:

  1. Melbourne, Australia
  2. Vienna, Austria
  3. Vancouver, Canada
  4. Toronto, Canada
  5. Calgary, Canada
  6. Sydney, Australia
  7. Helsinki, Finland
  8. Perth, Australia
  9. Adelaide, Australia
  10. Auckland, New Zealand

The EIU placed emphasis on accessibility to goods and services, level of personal risk, and efficiency of infrastructure. Other criteria it used include: stability, healthcare, culture and environment, and education. Instead of having a central point of comparison like Mercer, the EIU used a weighting scale from 1 to 100. Harare, Zimbabwe, ranked the lowest on this list with a score of 38.2%.

The rankings of EIU tend to rank Anglophone cities higher than others, compared to Mercer’s Survey. Mercer definitely has more diversity in its top 10 cities. Mercer used 39 criteria, whereas EIU used only 30. Using more specific criteria could generate more accurate and/or diverse results. Both rankings recognized certain factors that might influence the rankings of a city, such as the economic crisis in Europe and regional wars in Africa and the Middle East. The two lists only have Vienna, Austria, and Auckland, New Zealand in common – the rest are completely different. The different criteria and ways of comparing the measures/cities result in very different outcomes. Evidently, it is never sufficient to rely on one single set of data: there could be bias or there could be other possible measurements for the same things being observed. Looking at multiple data sets give us a better understanding of what we are studying.

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Elective Post

Our TA is a Keynote Speaker at this Event!

Campus Conversations on Asia: The Values Question

The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada’s National Conversation on Asia team and the UBC Political Science Students Association will host an undergraduate student conference,Campus Conversations on Asia: The Values Question, at SFU’s Segal School located in downtown Vancouver. Please feel free to distribute this invitation to interested undergraduate students.

Where: 500 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC

When: March 3, 2012

Time: From 9:30 am to 3:30pm (reception to follow)

The day will feature Professor Paul Evans as the keynote speaker, as well as a panel of young Asia scholars and practitioners, a Korean drum performance, break-out sessions and a reception to finish off the day.

We welcome students from any post-secondary institution in the lower mainland. Students do not need a background in Asia to attend. Admission is free, and breakfast and lunch will be provided, but participants must fill out a registration form to confirm their attendance.

Keynote speaker‚s bio:

Paul Evans is the Director of the Institute of Asian Research (UBC) and one of Canada‚s leading thinkers on the future of Canada-Asia relations. He has been appointed at York University, the University of Toronto, Harvard University the Liu Institute for Global Issues, and the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. He has also been a visiting fellow at the Australian National University, National Chengchi University (Taiwan), Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), and the National Institute for Research Advancement in Tokyo (Japan). For a full bio, click here.

Panelists‚ bios:

Robert Hanlon is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Institute of Asian Research (UBC) and a Lecturer at SFU, focusing on bribery, corruption and human rights in Asia. Check out his blog here.

Joanna Wong is writer, filmmaker and communications strategist on Chin’‚s emerging environmental movement. Joanna is also an Action Canada Fellow and a Principal at FlowCS, an award-winning film and creative studio dedicated to sustainability in China. Check out her videos and blog on the Human Element in China.

Aim Sinpeng is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science (UBC) and a Visiting Research Fellow at Thammasat University. Aim focuses on democratization and civil society in Southeast Asia, the party system in Thailand and south Thai politics. Check out her blog here.

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Mini Assignment

Paper #1, First Draft: Measuring Democracy in the Middle East

Hi everyone,

Here is the first draft of my paper on measuring democracy! I chose the Middle East and used 3 datasets provided to us. I’m looking forward to reading other peoples’ essays!

A Ju – Paper Draft 1

Categories
Elective Post

Left vs. Right – Information is Beautiful

There is a website that I frequent because it puts up a lot of interesting information in fun graphs, infographics and pictures. Information is Beautiful posts a wide range of topics from China’s censorship to illegal drugs. The following image is from their “Left vs Right (World)” post, outlining the basic gist of the left-wing and right-wing political ideologies.

There is only so much that you can include in a diagram trying to distinguish the political left from right. This is a generic point to start understanding the main differences between the two sides but we need to keep in mind that there are many degrees of variation on political views (even within the same one). This diagram makes the right-wing way of thinking to be completely cold, calculated and rational, while the left-wing ideas promote more positive views on humanity. While it is true that the right-wing tends to support war, morals and discipline, it should be understood that left-wing can have corruption, discipline and rules.

And what about the people that do not fall strictly into one wing or another? When I was younger and just beginning to learn about political terms and ideas, I was massively confused. What the media taught me was that (I watched a lot of US politics on CNN) you are either left or right. There I stood, utterly confused at how I could possibly believe in personal AND economic freedom supported by a minimal government role in each aspect. For example, on this graph, I agree with the leftist thought of being progressive and supporting personal freedom. However, I also believe in the right wing ideals of non-interference in society, low taxes, and economic freedom.Yet, I do not believe in organized religion and I fully support gay and abortion rights.

What this diagram shows is that many of us are still stuck in a dichotomous way of thinking, when there are eons of possibilities for a political perspective. Left and right are the most basic division in politics but that should not encourage or pressure people to conform to simply one side or another.

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Democracy in the News

China vs. Hong Kong

If you have friends from Hong Kong or mainland China, you should have realized that there is some cultural tension between the two regions. Although people from both regions are Chinese, there seems to be a degree of racism between the two populations. Some of my friends from Hong Kong would smirk at someone squatting on a sidewalk and say, “He must be a mainlander.” Through my personal observations, I noticed that they degrade each other and take pride in the fact that they are not the other.

Hong Kong was a former British colony that was returned to China only 15 years ago. It’s evident that the Western culture still thrives in Hong Kong – more than in mainland China – like how it allows freedom of speech and practices rule of law. Half the members of the Hong Kong legislature are elected, while the leader is chosen by a pro-Beijing committee. Because of these cultural and political differences, Hong Kongers undoubtedly feel that they have a separate identity apart from the Chinese.

The latest dispute arose when a mainland tourist ate and spilled noodles on a Hong Kong subway, which bans food on the trains. It’s easy to think that the Hong Kong residents again saw this as a typical act by someone from a less Westernized society. This was most likely a resurge in the Hong Kong’s attitude towards a separate identity.

It should be accepted that Hong Kongers want to maintain their own identity. What good will it do to force Hong Kong to assimilate to the rest of China? It will only create more hatred and conflict, and urge Hong Kong to try to break away even harder. Beijing does have economic control over the global financial city of Hong Kong, and I’m sure it never wants to lose that.

China needs to realize that a cultural and political identity cannot suddenly be overturned, and that if it wants to keep Hong Kong a satisfied region within its borders, it should accept the differences that naturally exist.

Categories
Elective Post

California’s Ban on Same-Sex Marriage is Deemed Unconstitutional

Back in November, 2008, California introduced a referendum known as Proposition 8 that banned same-sex unions. Two years later, it was overturned by a court ruling. And now, a three-judge panel on the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals says that the initial Proposition is unconstitutional.

Proposition 8 originally stated that “only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognised in California”. Then, two same-sex couples challenged the statement because it violated their right to equal protection. The 2010 overturning of the ban claimed that Proposition 8 was a violation of civil rights.

My first reaction to the latest news on this issue? About time. It surprises and angers me how people can be so ignorant to ban a civil union between two people that love each other. Why should the government, or any other people, have the right to decide whether or not a couple can be recognized as a union? The opponents of gay marriage argue that same-sex marriage can be dangerous to society by producing gay children, or that it is unnatural and unholy. They pass judgment on gay people and the gay community based on their prejudices on what should be the norm in our culture. Yes, heterosexuality is still a dominating social norm but we need to change that and accept those that are constantly denied freedoms and marginalized. Gay people don’t necessarily produce gay children, just as a heterosexual couple can produce a homosexual child. There is absolutely no reason to think that allowing same-sex marriage will harm society. If anything, lifting the ban will encourage openness and development of diversity among us. And, really, why should straight people care whether someone they choose not to support or accept wants to marry someone they love? Discrimination of gay people and banning gay marriage is just as digressive and destructive as racism, religious intolerance, sexism, and anything you can think of.

I hope that more states move in the direction of legalizing gay marriage.

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Uncategorized

Choice of Region for the First Paper

I will be researching on the Middle East region, particularly because there is a lot of political unrest happening there currently. It is one of the main regions of the world that has seen endless struggle to establish democracies. I think it will be interesting to look at measures on democracy in some of the countries in this region – especially because I have always been intrigued by the history and politics of Middle East!

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Elective Post

Fidel Castro’s Memoirs

Fidel Castro unveiled a two-volume memoir of his life, titled “Fidel Castro Ruz: Guerilla of Time”. The books include everything Castro could remember from his infancy to the eve of the Cuban Revolution victory in December, 1958. Yesterday, he presented his 1000-page work for six hours to the press.

Castro said he is “willing to do everything possible to share everything I remember well”. He is being encouraged to continue writing and overcome the difficulties of remembering the past.

This memoir certainly will be an interesting read; the leader of the Cuban Revolution and the former Cuban president of 50 years must have a lot of insightful stories to share. I cannot even fathom what it would be like to be part of such a historic event and be a prominent figure in world politics. There is no doubt that Castro has seen and experienced a myriad things – both good and bad – that will affect the reader in one way or another.

There are lots of politicians who simply write memoirs to get their name out and facilitate their political agenda. Would Castro be one of them? I don’t think so, seeing as he is 85 years old and handed over his presidency to his brother in 2008. He knows he is aging and he must show the life he lived and the disastrous world from his perspective.

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Mini Assignment

What is Democracy, Anyway?

I define democracy as a system of government that involves freedoms, liberties, fairness, and competition. I believe that these four aspects of political life and participation are essential to forming a democracy.

Freedom

In a true democracy, citizens have the freedoms. A true democracy protects these freedoms, and, in turn, protects the citizens from doing harm or being harmed. A democracy values each individual in society, because a democratic government depends upon its citizens. Under a democratic system, people have freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom to choose lifestyles and options without government intervention or suppression. I believe that a true democracy would give people the freedom to build their own lifestyle, without constantly oppressing the people to follow certain standards or make certain choices.

Liberties

A true democracy would not be corrupt. A just democratic system provides its citizens with liberties. The government is definitely not a dictatorship, but rather one that is formed by the choices that people make. It is up to the people to decide what political party or leader takes charge. A democracy values individual liberty – allowing people to live as they wish. Liberty is a fundamental principle of democracy because it respects human rights. Citizens of a democracy enjoy both positive and negative liberties (freedom to and freedom from) and, essentially, their human rights are protected and practiced this way.

Fairness

There must be elections in any democracy, but a true democracy ensures that the elections are completely fair. Elections in a real democracy directly reflect the voters’ choices – where the voters are all adult citizens without exception. Elections are never manipulated or involve fraud. A true democracy shows fairness in all political processes and decision-making. In addition, people are treated justly and equally. Everybody is subject to the same rule of law; nobody is better or worse, or more privileged or less. Justice is fairly practiced among all citizens.

Competition

Pluralism is an important aspect of democracy. A true democracy expects competition because there is not one political party or actor that practices monopoly. Therefore, a multiplicity of actors have to be present. Democracy means observing multiple aspects, perspectives and choices in the political realm. There should never be one single actor that far exceeds all others. Politics is inevitably varied in terms of how it is practiced, who practices it, and what ideals it encompasses. Thus, plurality is a very important aspect that creates competition, which is needed for a true democracy.

Democracy is a very difficult concept to define. There still is no concrete definition of democracy, but many people have attempted to provide a comprehensive, yet precise and concise, definition of it. This has resulted in both conceptual stretching and conceptual differentiation (too vague or too specific). I acknowledge the difficulty of making an accurate definition of democracy – so I have provided a statement on what democracy is. These four concepts (freedom, liberty, fairness, and competition) are essential to establishing a true democracy.

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Democracy in the News

The Continuing Unrest in Syria

The uprising against the Syrian government that started in March 2011 does not seem like it will improve anytime soon. Twenty people were killed yesterday, adding to some 5,000 people that have died since March.

Last week, the Arab League stepped forward in trying to deal with this devastating situation in Syria, and asked the United Nations to cooperate. However, the U.N. Security Council struggled to reach an agreement on the draft resolution that attempts to convince the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to step down. Most nations supported the draft resolution, except China and Russia. China and Russia believe that initiating talks with Syria would be more effective than the resolution that calls al-Assad to transfer his power. Russia even made its own resolution that places blame not just on the regime but also on the opposing protestors. This is no surprise, considering that Russia has about $20 billion worth of investments in Syria. In addition, Syria has bought about $4 billion worth of weapons from Russia.

It seems like the international community will have a tough time reaching an agreement on Syria. The Arab League is pressuring Syria to stop violent killings of civilians, but Syria firmly believes that the Arab League is not the “Arab League” without Syria. The Security Council will never pass a resolution as long as China and Russia have veto powers – unless it finds a way to work around the differences and find solutions to please the two Syrian allies. Violence in Syria is only getting worse by day, because civilians are using more aggression in retaliation to government force.

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