Tag Archives: science

Climate change may be wiping out the rainbow in our rivers

While you might still be able to see rainbows reflected in the rivers, rainbow trout may become a thing of the past.

A freshwater rainbow trout. [Photo Source: © Schwarzenarzisse under a Pixabay License.]

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a species of salmonid fish. This means they are related to salmon and other trout species, they are found along the West Coast of North America. There are populations of rainbow trout all the way from Alaska down to Baja California. According to Fisheries and Oceans Canada, habitat loss and climate change are two of the leading causes threatening our local populations of rainbow trout.

Range of rainbow trout along the West Coast of North America. [Photo Source: © 2008 Canadian Geographic/Signy Fridriksson under The Royal Canadian Geographical Society]

On a scale from “Not at Risk” to “Extinct”, the rainbow trout are considered endangered, which is the last step before extinction. While you may not be familiar with rainbow trout now, you should be paying more attention to them.

According to Dr. Patricia Schulte, a conservation zoologist from the University of British Columbia, rainbow trout are an especially important predatory fish, which means that they shape the ecosystems they live in. Crawfish and mussels are just a few of the aquatic species that count rainbow trout as an important part of their ecosystem. So while you may not have heard of rainbow trout before, you are bound to know at least one species that is affected directly or indirectly by them.

Climate change is going to cause rivers to become depleted in oxygen, affecting living organisms including the rainbow trout. [Photo Source: © mistralfamilie under a Pixabay License.]

Dr. Schulte recently sat down to discuss the importance of funding projects geared towards conservation projects.

[Source: SoundCloud, Created by: Gillian Okura & Julie Zhu]

As mentioned in the podcast, Dr. Schulte is leading a team-based project in British Columbia, which received funding from Genome Canada to help carry out the research. They conducted a study to figure out whether different types of rainbow trout differ in their ability to tolerate climate change, specifically conditions where there is low oxygen and high temperatures.

Climate change is decreasing the numbers of fish populations, including rainbow trout which are a major source in the fish industry. In the video below, we delve deeper into the effects of climate change and how Dr. Schulte and her team’s research are making predictions and gathering information to help sustain rainbow trout in the future.

[Source: Youtube, Created by: Gillian Okura & Julie Zhu]

Hopefully, learning more about this rainbow brought a little more knowledge and sunshine to your day.

~ Group 4: Gillian Okura & Julie Zhu

Learn a new language……in your sleep!

Whether you’re forced to take a French class to fulfill school credits or you’re teaching yourself Japanese because you love the culture so much that you want to speak it, learning a new language is not easy. It is a slow process and is a lot of work as it requires daily practice to learn a new language. But what if you could also learn it in your sleep? Did you know sleeping can help you learn a foreign language?

It is possible to learn a language while sleeping and while awake! [Image Source: ThemeXpert]

How can this possibly work?

Your brain does not sleep with you. While you’re sleeping, your brain is making many new connections with neurons, which are nerve cells in the brain. And during undisturbed deep sleep, your brain cells alternatively go into an active state called “up-state” and an inactive state called “down-state” about every half-second. This is where your brain is replaying the events and learnings of the day, a process called “consolidation”.

Obviously, this is not saying that you can play a language CD while asleep and then wake up to be suddenly fluent. But rather, if you are learning a new language at school or for fun, and you additionally play the language during your sleep, you’ll find it’s like magic how much better your memory is on what you have just learned. The practice of listening to the new foreign language while sleeping boosts and strengthens the consolidation process in the brain.

Sleep plays an important role on memory and learning. [Image Source: Resonea]

Has this worked before on people?

Studies, such as Swiss biopsychologist Björn Rasch’s, have been conducted where students were played new foreign vocabulary in their sleep and compared their memory of it with students who were played the same words while they were awake. Results showed that the students who listened to the new-language vocabulary while asleep recalled them better on a test than the ones who listened while awake.

Another study that focused on word-learning and napping in children where they similarly let them hear new words and then sleep shortly after, resulted in them remembering the newly gained knowledge significantly better than the children who stayed awake.

The importance of sleep

As explained earlier, you cannot entirely learn a new language in your sleep, but sleep can help enforce your learning a great deal! Getting adequate and quality sleep is so important, not just for learning a new language, but for your general health and basic survival as well. It is always worth getting a decent sleep every night instead of allowing yourself to become sleep-deprived. If getting enough sleep is something that seems difficult for you, it is never a bad idea to consider some healthy sleeping tips.

Happy sleeping and happy learning!

– Julie Zhu

Microwave Mystery – Why Can’t I Stand Right Next to It?

 

Credit: Leif Parsons

How often have you been told by your parents to stand “at least one meter” away from the microwave? These fast and convenient mini-ovens took the world by storm – or rather, by electromagnetic radiation, in the late 1980s. Now, you can barely find a home that doesn’t have one. However, even though they’ve become an essential part of the kitchen, many myths and questions about its safety still exist. Will you get radiation poisoning from standing too close when it’s on? Will it destroy every nutrient in your left-over dinner from the night before? Will it melt the plastic container and poison your food? Let us find out if your parents are just misinformed, or if they have legitimate concerns.

How do microwave ovens work?

First, here’s an overview of how a microwave oven works. As the name implies, the oven uses microwave radiation to heat up your food. Microwave radiation is electromagnetic radiation: a group of radiation that includes visible light, radio waves, microwaves, x-rays, and many more.

Video by: Bozeman Science

Microwaves are very selective. It mostly affects water by causing it to vibrate. The result of the vibrating water is a heat build-up, thus heating your food.

How does this affect us?

Now let’s bust some myths. The concern many have with standing too close to an operating microwave oven is that they’ll be exposed to the radiation, and potentially get radiation poisoning. However, every microwave oven ever produced must pass the regulation test of the Food and Drug Regulations of Canada (FDA in the U.S.) of releasing a maximum of five milliwatts of radiation per square centimeter in its lifetime, which is well under the safety limit. To put in context, a cellphone leaks 1.6 watts over its lifetime, over 300 per cent! Yet we have no problems putting those 2 inches from our faces.

So, we’re safe after all?

Metal mesh on the inside of the microwave door

Yes, microwave ovens protect your meaty flesh from heating up like the snacks we put into them. Primarily, a metal mesh lining prevents any microwaves from escaping the oven.

Furthermore, all the opening mechanisms of every microwave oven is designed to stop the flow of the microwave radiation every time we open those doors. So, for all of you that are worried you’ll grow a third arm from using the microwave so much, there’s no need to fear! This isn’t to say that you should start pressing your face against the microwave doors (because frankly, that’s a little strange), but there wouldn’t be any harm from doing it.

The Biggest Natural Bomb?

Here’s something that’ll blow your mind – beached dead whales may explode! That is if the body is tampered by people unsafely. One of the most infamous cases of exploding whales was a dead sperm whale beached in Florence, Oregon in 1970. Attempting to dispose of the rotting whale, the Oregon Department of Transportation decided to blow it up with dynamites. What could go wrong?  (asked no one).

Video of the above mentioned Oregon whale explosion, and the magnitude of its spread.
Video by: theexplodingwhale.com (which seemed to have closed their website)

The explosion threw whale bits all over the area, to as far as 250 meters away: roughly equivalent to the distance between the UBC bookstore and the Beatty Biodiversity Museum. Even though the intent with the dynamite was to dispose of the whale through blowing it to bits, More of these explosions occur across the world, when people uneducated or unknown to this danger, mess with dead whale corpse.

What causes the explosion?
You might ask, what is the scientific reasoning behind these explosions? To answer that, we must first understand a few things about what happens after an animal die. A dead animal undergoes decomposition: the process of rotting and decaying. During this process, proteins in the whale’s tissue break down, and other tissues dry out. This results in several gasses produced within the whale, including common gasses like methane and carbon dioxide. Normally, these gasses can leak slowly through holes natural to the body or holes made by hungry scavengers. However, due to blockage or the weight of the body, sometimes these orifices are forced shut, resulting in gas build-up within the corpse’s body. After enough gas build-up in the body, any disturbance to weak spots on the body surface any external sources weakening parts of the body, i.e. poking a hole in it, results in an explosion, or strong expulsion of the whale’s body contents.

Is this a whale-only phenomenon?
Are whales the only one that turns into ticking gas bombs? The answer is no, they’re not. This decomposition and gas forming process are universal across all animals, but due to the size of whales and the size of the cavities within their body, that explosion is significantly more terrifying.