References – How Does One Transport Earth's Tallest Land Animal?

Peer reviewed, primary, and secondary sources:

8.3 Container Requirements: General Container Requirements for Pet Animals, Farm Livestock and Farmed Deer or Antelope, 2017.

Badlangana, N.L., Bhagwandin, A., Fuxe, K., Manger, P.R., 2007. Observations on the giraffe central nervous system related to the corticospinal tract, motor cortex and spinal cord: What difference does a long neck make? Neuroscience 148, 522–534. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.005

Birkett, A., 2002. The impact of giraffe, rhino and elephant on the habitat of a black rhino sanctuary in Kenya. African journal of ecology 40, 276–282. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00373.x

Brøndum, E., Hasenkam, J.M., Secher, N.H., Bertelsen, M.F., Grøndahl, C., Petersen, K.K., Buhl, R., Aalkjær, C., Baandrup, U., Nygaard, H., Smerup, M., Stegmann, F., Sloth, E., Østergaard, K.H., Nissen, P., Runge, M., Pitsillides, K., Wang, T., 2009. Jugular venous pooling during lowering of the head affects blood pressure of the anesthetized giraffe. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, R1058–R1065. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90804.2008

Bush, M., Grobler, D.G., Raath, J.P., Phillips, L.G., Stamper, M.A., Lance, W.R., 2001. Use of medetomidine and ketamine for immobilization of free-ranging giraffes. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218, 245–249. doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.245

Cornelisse, T.M., Duane, T.P., 2013. Effects of Knowledge of an Endangered Species on Recreationists’ Attitudes and Stated Behaviors and the Significance of Management Compliance for Ohlone Tiger Beetle Conservation. Conservation Biology 27, 1449–1457. doi:10.1111/cobi.12117

Fanson, K.V., Keeley, T., Fanson, B.G., 2014. Cyclic changes in cortisol across the estrous cycle in parous and nulliparous Asian elephants. Endocr Connect 3. doi:10.1530/EC-14-0025

Geiser, D.R., Morris, P.J., Adair, H.S., 1992. Multiple Anesthetic Events in a Reticulated Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23, 189–196.

Gloneková, M., Brandlová, K., Žáčková, M., Dobiášová, B., Pechrová, K., Šimek, J., 2016. The weight of Rothschild giraffe—Is it really well known? Zoo Biology 35, 423–431. doi:10.1002/zoo.21308

How do you move an elephant? | Toronto Star [WWW Document], n.d. . thestar.com. URL https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/10/19/how_do_you_move_an_elephant.html (accessed 2.2.17).

Hugh-Jones, P., Barter, C.E., Hime, J.M., Rusbridge, M.M., 1978. Dead space and tidal volume of the giraffe compared with some other mammals. Respiration Physiology 35, 53–58. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(78)90040-3

Importing rare animals not easy: Saigon Zoo [WWW Document], n.d. URL http://tuoitrenews.vn/features/5933/importing-rare-animals-not-easy-saigon-zoo (accessed 4.3.17).

IUCN, 2010. Giraffa camelopardalis: Fennessy, J. & Brown, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T9194A12968471. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T9194A12968471.en

Jolly, L., 2003. Husbandry Manual Giraffe.

Kaggere, N.K., 26, B.M.B.| U.S., 2016, Ist, 12 20 Am, n.d. Bannerghatta National Park : Giraffe from Cyprus zoo? A tall order – Bangalore Mirror – [WWW Document]. Bangalore Mirror. URL http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Bannerghatta-National-Park-Giraffe-from-Cyprus-zoo-A-tall-order/articleshow/54514375.cms (accessed 4.3.17).

Langman, V.A., Bamford, O.S., Maloiy, G.M.O., 1982. Respiration and metabolism in the giraffe. Respiration Physiology 50, 141–152. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(82)90013-5

Le, L., Bagstad, K.J., Cook, P.S., Leong, K.M., DiDonato, E., 2015. Determinants of Public Support for Threatened and Endangered Species Management: A Case Study of Cape Lookout National Seashore. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration 33, 16–31.

Lowe, L., 2015. Struggling to Survive. Scholastic News — Edition 5/6 83, 6.

Mitchell, G., Bobbitt, J.P., Devries, S., 2008. Cerebral perfusion pressure in giraffe: Modelling the effects of head-raising and -lowering. Journal of Theoretical Biology 252, 98–108. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.017

Mitchell, G., Skinner, J.D., 2011. Lung volumes in giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158, 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.003

Mitchell, G., Skinner, J.D., 2009. An allometric analysis of the giraffe cardiovascular system. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 154, 523–529. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.08.013

More, H.L., O’Connor, S.M., Brøndum, E., Wang, T., Bertelsen, M.F., Grøndahl, C., Kastberg, K., Hørlyck, A., Funder, J., Donelan, J.M., 2013. Sensorimotor responsiveness and resolution in the giraffe. Journal of Experimental Biology 216, 1003–1011. doi:10.1242/jeb.067231

Nyman, G., Röken, B., Hedin, E.-M., Hedenstierna, G., 2016. Case Studies in Physiology: Ventilation and perfusion in a giraffe–does size matter? Journal of Applied Physiology 121, 1374–1378. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00428.2016

Orban, D.A., Siegford, J.M., Snider, R.J., 2016. Effects of guest feeding programs on captive giraffe behavior. Zoo Biology 35, 157–166. doi:10.1002/zoo.21275

Pellew, R. a. P., 1983. The impacts of elephant, giraffe and fire upon the Acacia tortilis woodlands of the Serengeti. African Journal of Ecology 21, 41–74. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1983.tb00311.x

Petersen, K.K., Hørlyck, A., Østergaard, K.H., Andresen, J., Broegger, T., Skovgaard, N., Telinius, N., Laher, I., Bertelsen, M.F., Grøndahl, C., Smerup, M., Secher, N.H., Brøndum, E., Hasenkam, J.M., Wang, T., Baandrup, U., Aalkjaer, C., 2013. Protection against high intravascular pressure in giraffe legs. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, R1021–R1030. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2013

Standards South Africa, 2007. Holding pens for temporary housing of animals. Part 2, Part 2,. Standards South Africa, Pretoria.

Tateo, A., Tateo, A., Padalino, B., Boccaccio, M., Maggiolino, A., 2012. Transport stress in horses: Effects of two different distances. Journal of veterinary behavior 7, 33–42. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2011.04.007

Transport of Animals by Air 7.4, 2010.

Transport of Animals by Land 7.3, 2010.

Transport of Animals by Sea 7.2, 2010.

Zoo not profiting from elephants’ pricey transfer [WWW Document], 2015. . The Seattle Times. URL http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/how-much-does-it-cost-to-move-two-elephants-111000/ (accessed 4.2.17).

Images:

Homepage

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Cardiovascular system

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Respiratory system

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Nerves system

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