Magic-Realism began as a natural accident.

Posted by: | January 24, 2010 | Comments Off on Magic-Realism began as a natural accident.

A thought occurred to me about the birth of magic-realism in Latin American literature. Obviously it was an accident.

Certain authors had an interest in anthropology, especially as a means to explain their own cultural roots. Their meztiso-blood determined that they would need to take two avenues in their research. The European half of their heritage was very well documented and easy to trace back in scrupulous detail at least 1,500 years. Ok, no problem.However, researching their indigenous roots was going to be quite more arduous.

First of all, any random information that they could have gleaned from deciphered sun calendars, excavations of ruins, and partial integration into the lives of actual living descendents of full-blooded indigenous people, was going to leave many gaps in the big picture. There was going to be a lot of unknown elements. That which was known would ring true as factual & realistic. Piecing together that which was not entirely known or understood would actually smack of magic or fantasy because of the many unexplained details.

Latin American writers took upon themselves the task of creating works of fiction in order to abstractly explain their modern culture’s origins. Thanks to either a fertile imagination or short-sightedness, the results were abstract, ambiguous & enigmatic. However it came about, these works proved to be an interesting read and spawned a new genre that in itself became a reflection of the identity that was initially being sought.

Now, of course, the academic world has analysed and dissected ad nauseum the works of Asturias, Carpentier, Garcia-Marquez, et al., to the point of mass exploitation.

Although I believe we live in a “Three minute world” where people in general, (and especially young, over-worked undergraduate students!), have only an iota of the previous capacity for maintaining a reasonable span of attention, it is possible that with a healthy commitment of time & energy, the initial profound fascination that gripped the international readership can once again be regained!

Leyendas de Guatemala – Second half

Posted by: | January 19, 2010 | Comments Off on Leyendas de Guatemala – Second half

These readings made me think of a couple of guys sitting around a fire getting drunk, contemplating the meaning of life. I found the comparison of a woman’s breast to a birds nest quite interesting. On the one hand a nest is a save place, a place of nurture and warmth, but on the other hand they stories also refere to birds as something rather evil. Coincidence? Maybe… or maybe not. Overall, it seemed like women were of less importance then men, and although the role of a birds nest is quite important…there didn’t seem to be much use for them in the story other than for sexy and making babies.

I felt that in these readings magic realism was quite prominent, and I noticed it here more than in the first half of the readings. This might be something to do with language, but non the less I found it quite poetic and full of insight. Again these texts try to relate Mayan thought and Mayan beleifs to nature and its cycles, this time with a great focus on the the sun.

A difference between the first half of the readings and the second half is that in the second half the details and description of what is going on is mostly found within dialogue. This made a bit harder to figure out exactly what was going on. What I did like about it is that I could break the stories down converstation by conversation rather than trying to decipher a giant paragraph filled with greatly detailed run on sentences.

The idea of days and of time being broken up into colours with a focus on the cyclicle journey of the sun is interesting. I like how each story focused on a particular time of day and a particular colour. The references to these colours were both obvious and suttle. I am still a bit confused about the significance of the drunk guys tooth ache…hopefully we talk more about this and the story line in class. Also, the significance of the arrow.

Although interesting, I have to admit I felt a bit depressed reading parts of this. The stories talk about the sun and the changes from day to night as being the only real things that exist. It made me and my life seem very small in the scheme of things…but still, a good read. 🙂

el Palacio de los Tres Colores

Posted by: | January 19, 2010 | Comments Off on el Palacio de los Tres Colores

Magical realism is not an entirely new genre to me. I have read a few Garcia Marquez books and other stream-of-consciousness style books. However, the genre comes to its readers in many shapes and forms. There were several elements in the “cortina amarilla/roja/negra” stories that I identified as being part of the genre. Some are more obvious than others such as the dream-like structure of the narrative and the mythical characters that are at times humans, animals, spirits, gods, and plants. There were other aspects in this series of stories that confused me though. Maybe my compañeros can help me out… I was wondering if the characters such as Guacamayo and Chinchibirín exist in all the amarilla/roja/y negra stories at once. For example, in Primera cortina amarilla, Chinchibirín asks Guacamayo to tell him about the night saying “Sí, cuéntame de la noche!” (84). In Primera cortina roja, Chinchibirín asks the same question (88) either having no recollection of asking it in the first story or more likely that these stories and characters exist at the same time and not in a chronological order per se. This would explain why lessons learnt in one story are not necessarily passed on to the same character in the following story (also allusions are sometimes made – p.95).
On a different note, something else that interested me about these stories was the character of the Guacamayo. This colourful bird plays many parts in this series of stories. He is sort of an omniscient character who watches over and listens to the action below the treetops. He takes pleasure in arousing conflict and confusion such as in in 1era cortina roja as a drunk and in 2nda cortina roja, warning Yaí of her emanating sacrificial death. There was tension not only between Cuculcán and Guacamayo but between him and Chinchibirín as well. He seems to see through the long held customs and traditions of the Maya and likes to meddle in their problems (or make problems). Although he is definitely a trouble maker, it seems his intentions are somewhat good such as warning Yaí, flor amarilla that after spending a night with Cuculcán, she would be sacrificed. It might be beneficial to learn about the Maya’s symbolization of plants, flowers, and animals in order to better understand (if thats possible) the significance or the stories and characters.
Finally, I found the form of the stories to be very interesting such as the use of the three cortinas with reference to the three parts of the day – morning, afternoon, and night – in order to create three different trajectories of storytelling. The image of the guerreros shooting arrows at the cortina roja gave me a vivid visual of hundreds of warriors shooting their arrows into the reddening, late-afternoon sky. The use of colour and imagery in the stories is another theme that I would love to discuss – possibly in class – because its time for me to sign off!

Leyendas II

Posted by: | January 19, 2010 | Comments Off on Leyendas II

The first half of Asturias’ Guatemala was very enjoyable to read. It helped lead me into his mind and understand what he was trying to convey. With the use of colorful and poetic words and phrases he was able to really draw me into his narration of his description of nature, wildlife and forests. The first part of the readings served as an introduction of the supernatural surroundings as he viewed them which then lead into the second half which was the Leyendas. This section is what really began to draw me further into his narration and trying to interpret the stories he was writing of essentially the beginnings of the civilization and cultures. Although it was a little difficult at times to follow the meanings of the terminology that was being used, I was able to get the underlying feeling and direction of where Asturias was trying to make me see and feel. The Leyenda del volcán was the one which I really enjoyed and had me curious on what Asturias was trying to explain. I initially felt that the water, which represented the arriving visitors (possibly Los Conquistadores), was pushing or invading onto land and the forest, which represented the native vegetation (or indigenous) were being forced up the mountains towards the volcano which was about the abrupt. Reading the line ‘La selva continuaba hacia el volcán hinchada..’ (33) I felt it was symbolizing that the end was near for the existence of the people and that the tension and destruction was being represented right up to the end. But as “el volcán apagaba..” the end did not arrive as Nido, I felt represented the surviving spirit of the people which as continued until today.

La segunda parte!

Posted by: | January 18, 2010 | Comments Off on La segunda parte!

La segunda mitad de las Leyendas de Guatemala me pareció mucho más interesante que la primera parte. Aunque en realidad al comienzo se me hizo un poco lento, poco a poco le fui adquiriendo interés a medida de que se introducían mejor los conceptos. Lo interesante y lo que hizo que me gustara más esta sección fue la forma como la estructura fue creada. Se utilizó mucho las repeticiones, especialmente al comienzo, por lo que se me hizo medio tedioso pero luego le agarre el ritmo. Claramente se ve más interacción lo que lo hace ser más teatral. Por ejemplo, se utiliza el termino “cortina” como para representar el telón. De esta forma se divide la segunda mitad en tres partes que representan los días y el tiempo. El amarillo es utilizado para la mañana, el rojo para la tarde y el negro para la noche. También es importante recalcar que para la población indígena, el uso de los colores va más allá que el simple color. Cada color tiene una representación simbólica que hay que saber interpretar para ver cuales son las intenciones de Asturias. Se puede ver como la vida cotidiana es representada también por aquellos colores ya que se muestra el ciclo de la vida en paralelo a la naturaleza. Sin embargo, hay un poco de controversia en el sentido de cómo la mujer esta descrita. De lo que rescate, he notado que la mujer es observada como un objeto hacia el hombre y no se sabe mucho de ella, en otras palabras, algo sumisa.
En general, las leyendas me han parecido interesantes pero no espectaculares. El problema que tengo con este tipo de formato es que me gusta leer cosas que son directas y no tan “filosóficas”, por decirlo así. No obstante, las leyendas me han dado otra percepción sobre la importancia de la naturaleza y el ciclo de la vida.

abuelita de los remiendos. distrito federal, méxico, cerca a la…

Posted by: | January 18, 2010 | Comments Off on abuelita de los remiendos. distrito federal, méxico, cerca a la…

abuelita de los remiendos. distrito federal, méxico, cerca a la basilica de guadalupe.

¡que sabrosa!

Posted by: | January 18, 2010 | Comments Off on ¡que sabrosa!

Esa obra me recuerde la obra inglesa se llama Everyman Play, una obra de moralidad escrita por el siglo XV. Las caracteres[1] son arquetipos que muestran la alegoría de la vida cristiana.[2] Cuculcán es una alegoría como el Everyman Play pero por la mente maya. Las caracteres habla de la vida, de la muerte, del significado de la vida y la creación del mundo: cosas espirituales. Pero en vez de la referencia del Dios y tradiciones cristianos, hay los dios y criaturas míticos del mundo indígena. Es un ejemplo perfecto de la mezcla de la forma europea con los tópicos latinoamericano.

La parte que me interese muchísimo fue la “Segunda cortina: amarilla” con la carácter de la Abuela de los Remedios. El respecto que las caracteres dan a la vieja es reveladazo.

En primer lugar, muestra que los mayores de la sociedad tienen un lugar importante en la conocimiento de la cultura.

Además su manera desdeñosa por los jóvenes es una caracterización perfecta de una vieja latina. Por ejemplo, “¡Y tú, calla tus tempestades de cuero porque pueden despertar los chupamieles!” Ah, pienso que la carácter es basada en la abuelita de Asturias.

Pero la cosa que la carácter mencione otra vez y otra vez es la comida; ella ponga mucha importancia en la comida. Hay muchas referencias a la comida y a cocinar para explicar la creación del mundo: los frijoles corales, las tortillas, el comal. “…el comal redondo en que se cocían al fuego lento de las estrellas, las tortillas de los dioses: amarillas y blancas tortillas hechas de maíz amarillo y blanco, los días, y negras tortillas hechas de maíz negro, las noches.” (pág 114). La conexión entre el pasado y el presente es aparente en la comida. Todavía comen tortillas, ambos amarillas y negras. Es algo muy relevante a la gente de hoy en día. Y creo que Asturias elige a mostrar el idea por la carácter de la Abuelita para enseñar la conexión al pasado que tienen los viejos pero también la conexión que tienen las mujeres. La Abuelita dice que las mujeres hacen las tortillas[3], entonces es como las mujeres hacen los días y las noches. Otra vez es un ejemplo del respecto que la Abuelita se recibe y en turno los miembros de la sociedad que ella se representa: los viejos y las mujeres.


[1] Caracteres como, “God”, “Death”, “Good Deeds”, etc.

[2] Probablemente hay bastantes obras como esta en castellano, pero no las conozco.

[3] “Las mujeres aplauden con el maíz en las manos, al hacer las tortillas” (pág 115). Wow. I sent a rough translation of this and the above quote to my brother who is a chef. He makes his own tortillas.

Las leyendas II

Posted by: | January 18, 2010 | Comments Off on Las leyendas II

Bueno, aunque no acabada la lectura (como es larga y comencE tarde), ya tengo una buena idea de como es la segunda parte. Primero, como todo el mundo ha dicho, sigue el estilo teatral. Esta forma de literatura permite una exploracion de mas que el medio ambiente y el ambiente espiritual (de la naturaleza, como se ha visto en las cuentos precedentes); ademas comunica los papeles de varias personalidades en una sociedad magica-real por el dialogo, la plataforma mejor para demonstrar topos culturales-religiosos y demarcarlos por un recurso como la acotacion (sirve muy bien: me gusta mucho!).

Quisiera notar unas frases que me gustaron mucho:

Cuculcan: “…el pecho de cometa de las chorchas que por donde vuelan riegan polvito de oro” (80)
“: “banyo mi imagen en los lagos que palpitan” (81)

Como fue dicho por varias en la respuesta precedente, el lenguage aqui VIVE, salta fuera de la pagina y refleja mejor la cita del frances en la intro de como se debe beber esta obra. La cita segunda me recuerda del holismo, de una perspectiva que parece encerrar todo; es hermoso y bastante religioso, supongo. La primera incluyo solo en cuanto a su imagineria, para su capacidad de hacer al lector VER (si conozca todas las palabras, a veces una tarea fatigante.

Me perturbO decidir la actitud de Guacamayo: ?podemos creer lo que dice o cuenta mentiras como Chinchibirin proclama? Sus comentarios (de Guac) sobre el sol y su paso lleno (no solo un arco) me convencen; mas dice que la vida es nada, farsante, como la luz del sol sOlo nos da la vitalidad. Este al principio me dio la impresion de falsedad pero ahora que pienso en ella, la idea suena correcta.

Al principio intentaba reemplacer en la mente los personajes mas abstractos con figuras de nuestra realidad: un dios; el humano o, mas bien, la humanidad; quiza ciertas caracteristicas encontradas en la figura humana (el pesimismo o lo realista en Chinchibirin; el pecador en Guacamayo). Pero despues de enfadarme cuando no cabian perfectamente todos los paralelismos, dejE el proceso. Las leyendas no tienen parelelismos exactos en nuestra cultura; no creo encontrar seso alli, creo que las leyendas son definidas por ser no exactamente creibles. Esta actitud, este rasgo, forma parte del mensaje acabado, entonces no quiero disimularlo por racionalizar. Solo intento empatisar con una perspectiva muy distinta…desde la cual vinieron estas leyendas…

¿Cuác?

Posted by: | January 18, 2010 | Comments Off on ¿Cuác?

Well I hate to say that once again I feel like this entry (as with the last) probably will leave more questions than provide answers. Hopefully you all may be able to help me out a bit. The second half of Leyendas de Guatemala proved to be a little less dense than the previous part, which was both disappointing and relieving; imagery in the previous part is much more evident. In the second half, the element of dialogue truly carries the plot along making for a clearer read but leaves less to the reader’s imagination. Although there are passages that I found to be very descriptive within the dialogue*, there were far less of them. I also felt as if I had more to decode in terms of what the symbolism means according to Mayan legends (I wish the index at the back was a bit more lengthy, seriously), which if anyone has some knowledge on the subject I’d be very interested to hear your commentary. I get the colors and the palace in the sky, but I’d really like to know more about the characters, significance of corn as teeth, the eyes of hummingbirds, etc.

On the flipside, the first half seemed as if it was just as much up to the reader to determine the images and sensations that Asturias creates, which is my own opinion that I could be completely wrong about, but I appreciate a bit of room for creative interpretation/reading. As confusing as it may have been a week ago, I found myself a bit bummed that I didn’t feel the dreamlike vibe this time around.

The dialogue makes the novel seem much more mythical and structured. Clearly, the myths set out to explain elements of nature and points to Mayan beliefs about natural processes, such as the sun’s trajectory across the sky, which played an essential role to this part of the text. These ideas were greatly developed with the use of color; what I really liked was how these colors were constantly brought up throughout the text, even in the most subtle ways, for example based on the different kinds of precious gems and clothing Cuculcán was dressed in. What I really kept coming back to, though, was wondering where all of these ideas stemmed from and what the Mayan ideas and attitudes were towards two main things: women and afternoon (el tiempo de la Cortina Roja). Now, forgive me if I completely missed a detail that would explain this, but firstly, the women seem to be portrayed to be a bit worthless considering the explanation of their relationship to Cuculcán and the fact that they are swallowed up by a lake and sucked to the depths past the mirror of life where they are never to be seen again after taking care of the sun god all night. Did attitudes towards women follow suit, were they secondary in society? Granted, I know Cuculcán was a god, but was there a difference in human sacrifice between women and men? Secondly, was the afternoon associated with wartime or a time of battle? I don’t know if that has to do only with this myth in particular, but I was just curious because I felt that suggestions of “warlike behavior”—for lack of a better expression—were very prevalent at this time of day. I’m thinking I’ll go back over the reading again and see what I can pull out. There may be more to read a bit later this week if I can come up with anything…

As a side note, I did like how Guacamayo was developed. I was pretty amused by this trickster with his drunken, irritable feather-fluttering and strange ‘cuác acuác cúac’s. Anyone else find it interesting to read the way different animal noises in Spanish are pronounced and how different they are from English? Call me a dork, but I found this really amusing when I was in Spain last year.

Leyendas 2

Posted by: | January 17, 2010 | Comments Off on Leyendas 2

Wow esto fue un poco difícil de entender, pero me divertí mucho la idea de la obra. La idea de una obra de teatro hizo bastante interesante y proporciona al lector una mirada privilegiada sobre sus vidas y acciones cotidianas. Sin embargo, no había mucha profundidad sobre su cultura y religión, que se han hecho más fácil de comprender toda la naturaleza de sus tradiciones y su vida. La primera sección fue muy interesante, especialmente con el uso de la repetición que creo que es un estilo recurrentes en esta historia. El uso de la repetición de los colores que representa el modo en que pasan los días y su relación personal con la naturaleza. Por ejemplo, en el primer pasaje que dice “Cortina amarilla, el color de la mañana, magia del color amarillo de la mañana”. En las siguientes páginas el texto muestra el papel que la gente tome en la comparación de ellos con la naturaleza y la importancia de la misma. Por ejemplo, “! Soy como el Sol!” Salgo con el día vestido de amarillo, Mientras el alba solo es sed de beber agua … “Este es uno de los muchos ejemplos en todo el texto que muestra la naturaleza como un elemento importante de la vida.



A lo largo de la historia vemos una gran cantidad de realismo mágico se desarrollan. El realismo mágico se mezcla con las leyendas, ya través de estas metáforas y descripciones que presentan información importante. Ellos comparan el pasado con el presente y lo que da una visión general de cómo estas leyendas se transmiten de generación en generación, que es interesante porque el lector aprende mucho de los mitos y las culturas maya y cómo están todos vinculados a la magia. Estas leyendas muestran una vez más una relación de personas están vinculadas a la tierra, esto es de una manera filosófica. La Tierra es el elemento más importante y la gente que viven en él necesidad de respetar los elementos naturales de la misma. La leyenda explica por qué hay un universo y cómo transcurre el día en la noche. La parte filosófica puede ser de por qué vemos las cosas de la manera en que hacemos y si es sólo una fantasía o puede ser la realidad? Por ejemplo, la parte cuestionable de que el Guacamayo se está preguntando sobre el día y la componente de la noche. ¿Es puramente una ilusión en la cabeza?



Por último, me gusta cómo las mujeres se incorporan en la historia sin embargo yo no creo que se están representados de la mejor manera. Por ejemplo, dice “ la noche se hizo para la mujer. La mujer es la locur. Y las mujeres son vegetales” , parece como si las mujeres se muestran en una mangera negativa. Es que las mujeres están locos porque creen más acerca de la magia que los hombres?


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