Author Archives: Kenny Lin

CHEM 213: Organic Chemistry (Review)

Out of all the organic chemistry courses I’ve taken, this one is by far my favorite! CHEM 213 is an organic chemistry course targeted towards chemistry and biochemistry majors.

format of the course

The format is nothing special; there are online canvas quizzes, two midterms, and one final exam. Lecture consists of the professor writing on a doc-cam while talking through the steps and nuances of different types of reactions. The professor for this course is amazing, Dr. Sammis is always willing to answer questions even if they’re simple (and he never makes you feel dumb for asking them). He’s also great at reading the room! He’ll ask if the class with okay with a concept, and even if noone is brave enough to raise their hand, he’ll sense the uneasiness and go over it again. Even though this is a notoriously difficult course, it’ll feel like you’re being set up to succeed rather than fail.

GPA ๐Ÿ™‚ or ๐Ÿ™

Although interesting, this course will probably not be good for your GPA (that said if you’re really interested in the topic it could also boost it like it did mine). The midterms will feel like a time-crunch given that you only have 50 minutes to complete them, but they’re not really designed to trick you. The final exam was significantly harder than the midterms, but that might have been due to the end-of-term topics being inherently more difficult to understand.

Again, Dr. Sammis always tries to make things as fair as possible, even though midterms are 7-8 pages long – they’re out of 80-90 points (lot’s of part marks!). CHEM 213 has by far one of the most thought out and fair marking schemes I have seen in chemistry courses. My class ended up with a 68 average. Here’s a distribution from winter 2018:

CHEM 213 grade distribution. Credits: ubcgrades.com

verdict? to take or not to take

If you’ve taken the introductory organic courses (CHEM 203 or 233) I would definitely take it! The topic is really interesting. It’ll be worth it even though the course is hard.

MATH 103: Integral Calculus with Applications to Life Sciences (Review)

There’s really no sugar-coating it, this course is a train-wreck from beginning to end. MATH 103 is a calculus course with a focus on integrals and their applications to biological-relevant problems.

format of the course

The format of the course consists of in-person lectures where the professor hand-writes the notes on a doc-cam. There are small assignments done online (web-work) as well as in-class quizzes and exams (may vary according to prof). Unfortunately, it feels like the course is setting students up to fail rather than succeed, in other-words, it is obvious that this is a weeder course.

The notes are very dense, and made even more complicated by messy handwriting (again prof dependent). The textbook just makes things worse by being overly complicated as well, and assumes too much background knowledge that a first-year student should know.

For my class, there were in-class quizzes, and these were very poor evaluation tools. They give you 20 minutes to solve a bunch of integrals, which gives absolutely no room for thinking. Albeit, when I was taking it the course, we were the guinea pigs for the new quiz format. On the other hand, the web-work questions were hard, but I found them challenging and fun! They got one thing right!

GPA ๐Ÿ™‚ or ๐Ÿ™

This will definitely destroy your GPA. It seems like the exam formatting is always changing for this course. Someone thought it was a good idea to change the final exam from a historical 9 questions long to near 30 for my year. I have heard that they further changed the exam to an online format the following year. The class average for my year was 69. Here is a distribution from winter 2018:

MATH 103 grade distribution. Credits: ubcgrades.com

verdict? to take or not to take

If you have a choice, don’t take it! This course is poorly run, and gives off a very off-putting vibe. If you like calculus, I would look into other integral calculus equivalents!

CHEM 123: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Organic Chemistry (Review)

Interested in chemistry, but don’t know where to start? CHEM 123 is a first- year science that covers the fundamentals of physical and organic chemistry!

Format of the course

The format of the course was pretty standard. Like your usual first year courses, hundreds of students are taking the course as a prerequisite, thus the midterm and final exams are standardized among all sections. Even the lecture material is standardized, so you’re not really missing out on any content regardless of who your professor is.

The course is divided into two big portions: physical chemistry followed by organic chemistry. The physical chemistry portions are calculation and theory heavy. Personally, thermodynamics has never been something I was completely comfortable with; however, the professor made it VERY clear what we needed/didn’t need to know.

The organic portion is the complete opposite of the physical portion. It is not a stretch to say that you don’t need to do any calculations for this part. The difficulty comes in understanding chemical visualization (different projections), acid/base stability, and a few reactions. I loved this part of the course so much I went on to take 4 different organic chemistry courses in my 2nd and 3rd year.

There is also a mandatory lab component which drives everyone nuts. The in-lab quizzes are unnecessarily stressful! They give you 10 minutes to complete it, so there is no time to think! The labs themselves and associated assignments were pretty stress-free. You meet once every two weeks for a lab, so the work-load isn’t insane.

GPA ๐Ÿ™‚ or ๐Ÿ™

This course isn’t a GPA booster, however it isn’t particularly a killer. It’s just one of those courses that probably won’t make or break anything. There are two midterms and a final exam, along with quizzes and the lab component. The examinations are part multiple choice and written questions so you get the best (and worst) of both worlds. The multiple choice questions were pretty high risk in that one wrong answer would drop your exam mark by 6%; however they weren’t designed to be tricky. The class average for my section was 69% (which was on the low end). The distribution including all sections from winter 2018 are shown below:

CHEM 123 grade distribution. Credits: ubcgrades.com

verdict? to take or not to take

As this is a requirement for ALL first year science students, there isn’t a choice :D. If you enjoy chemistry, this course will be interesting. Good luck to all of you taking it!

Giving COVID-19 What It Wants: A Potential Cure

COVID-19 needs no introduction, the familiar spiky ball has been tormenting us since the beginning of 2020. Consequently, researchers around the world have been working to find a vaccine and one potential solution seems rather odd. UBC researchers, led by Josef Penninger, have found that administering ACE2 decreases the virus’ infectiousness. The odd part? ACE2 is the same protein on lung cells exploited by COVID-19 to gain entry into these cells.

COVID-19 structure. Credits: Newscientist

COVID-19 structure. The red blobs coating the virus are Spike Glycoproteins, which facilitate infection of cells. Credits: Newscientist

Infecting the lung cells…

One of main targets of COVID-19 is the lungs. This is because the surface of the lung cells are coated in ACE2 proteins. On the surface of COVID-19 there are Spike Glycoproteins, which recognize and bind ACE2 proteins, facilitating infection of the lung cells (see our previous post for general information on COVID-19). Tinkering with this ACE2 – Spike Glycoprotein interaction is the goal of many developing vaccines and was also what Penninger’s team targeted.

satisfying the virus stops the infection!

The way Penninger’s team approached this problem was truly ingenious. Since the Spike Glycoprotein binds to ACE2 on the cells, why not just administer an outside source of ACE2, so the Spike Glycoprotein can bind to those instead? The administered ACE2 would effectively bind to all the Spike Glycoproteins on the virus, rendering it inactive and unable to target cellular ACE2.

They researchers tested this theory by infecting cell cultures with COVID-19. They showed that by incubating these cultures with hrsACE2 (genetically modified ACE2), the virus growth was inhibited.

To take it a step further, the researchers grew blood vessel and kidney organoids, which are models of these respective organs. Upon administering hrsACE2, infection and spread of COVID-19 in these organoids were significantly reduced. This demonstrated that hrsACE2 could inhibit infection in human organs!

Spike Glycoproteins on COVID-19 will bind to hrsACE2 instead of cellular ACE2 – inhibiting infection. Adapted: Penninger et al. (2020)

More work is still needed

Although the results are promising, Penninger’s team caution that there are still some kinks that need to be worked out:

The inhibition [by hrsACE2] is not complete […]. This may be due to […] other co-receptors/auxiliary proteins or even other mechanisms by which viruses can enter cells.

They also suggest that future studies should look at the systems that model the lung, as this organ is the primary infection target. With all this being said, Penninger’s research is still without doubt groundbreaking, and a big push forward into getting rid of this virus once and for all.

Journal Reference

Monteil, V., Kwon, H., Prado, P., Hagelkrรผys, A., Wimmer, R. A., Stahl, M., . . . Penninger, J. M. (2020). Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2.ย Cell,ย 181(4), 905-913.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.004

Things I Wish I Knew in First Year

Transitioning from high school to university can be very tough. There are many things we wish we knew when we started our undergraduate journey. But worry not, we have put together a list of things we wish we knew in first year.

I wish I knew #1…

Having an idea what major you want to do in second year is important, even if you don’t declare majors in first year. This is because many second year majors have different prerequisites. If you know what majors you’re interested in, you could potentially skip some boring general first year science courses.

I wish I knew #2…

This is mostly for commuter students. Try to plan so that you do not have to go to school on some days. This saves a few trips back and forth. Even with online schooling, we recommend having days without scheduled classes so you can have a small break. Continue reading

Staying Focused During Online Classes

With online classes becoming the new norm, it is essential to adapt to this new learning environment. How does one stay focused when Facebook is now literally a click away? We have come up with a list of tips that help keep you focused on your online lectures and screen casts.

Tip #1

Close bookmarks to any social media sites. This makes accessing them less tempting because they won’t be in sight.

Tip #2

Keep your phone out of reach. It’s very easy to pick up your phone and start texting and browsing social media when your phone is right next to you. Make it a hassle for yourself to get your phone by keeping it far away. Continue reading

CHEM 300: Communicating Chemistry (Review)

We all know that journal articles can be a challenge to read, so how does the general public stay updated about scientific breakthroughs or findings? CHEM 300 is a course that focuses on the different levels of scientific communication and how to write targeting different audience groups.

FORMAT OF THE COURSE

The scheduling was a bit weird for this course. There were two 50 minute lectures and one 90 minute lecture a week. The shorter lectures were very interactive and contained activities that you would not expect in a chemistry course. I remember Dr. Kil made the whole class throw their hands up speaking gibberish just so he could emphasize that embarrassing yourself in a presentation isn’t the end of the world.

The bulk of the work was outside of lecture time, as this was a writing-intensive course. Admittedly, the longer lectures were a bit dry as sitting through 90 minutes of someone teaching you how to write and present can be tedious. Continue reading

CHEM 313: Advance Organic Chemistry for the Life Sciences (Review)

A unique organic chemistry course with an emphasis on application and minimal requirement for memorization! CHEM 313 is a third year organic chemistry course that highlights different synthetic pathways in making peptides, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Format of the course

The format for CHEM 313 was pretty standard for an organic chemistry course; a lecturer that goes through different reactions each class. Be aware that this course runs at 8 am, so remember to bring your coffee. Professor Sherman gives 1-3 minute joke break every class which makes waking up so early more bearable.

A recent change to the course is the allowance of a cheat sheet to midterms and finals. This sets it apart from almost every organic chemistry course at UBC – which require in-depth memorization of all the reactions and mechanisms learned. This being said, CHEM 313 evaluations focus more on approaching new problems based on mechanistic rationale that was taught in class (which also makes it a difficult course). Continue reading

BIOL 340: Introductory Cell Biology Laboratory (Review)

Endless reports and hours in the lab; the bane of all Biology major’s existence: BIOL 340. As its name suggests, BIOL 340 is an intense lab that teaches different cell biology techniques, from fluorescence microscopy to SDS-PAGE.

format of the course

BIOL 340 is a 3 hour weekly lab course with a separate 1 hour lecture portion. However don’t be fooled, often most of the class were unable to finish on time and labs ended up being on average 4-4.5 hours long. Since each lab featured a new lab technique, pre-readings were very dense. There were also in-class pre-reading quizzes, so memorizing every little detail was crucial (imagine spending hours reading about the different steps in SDS-PAGE, but then being asked what SDS stands for…).

These labs were usually done in a group of four of five (random partners), and I was lucky to be in a good group. Each group was given a different mutant yeast strain to practice on using the lab technique of the week. In the later parts of the course, we had to run an independent study on this same yeast strain, which was by far the most stressful portion of the course. Continue reading

Everything You Need to Know About COVID-19

Who would have thought that the mere 27 cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China would end up throwing the world into turmoil? On March 11, 2020, COVID- 19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, and since then, researchers worldwide have been trying to develop a vaccine. As of now, researchers have identified some parts of how the virus works, how it’s transmitted, and ways we can slow down its spread.

how did covid-19 arise?

COVID-19 is similar to most animal viruses in that it is an infectious genetic element packaged in a lipid membrane with associated membrane proteins. Upon sequencing of this element and comparisons to different coronavirus strains, researchers have determined the virus to originate from bats.

However, these comparisons also showed that humans did not contract the virus directly from bats. Instead, it is likely that the virus was transmitted through an intermediate host, pangolins.

What are pangolins? Credits: Shutterstock

Continue reading