Category Archives: Forestry

Gitxaala Nation Files Judicial Review Challenging Exclusion from Federal Review of Enbridge Northern Gateway Project

Many news sources have been commenting upon Transport Canada’s release of their TERMPOL recommendation that sates they have no regulatory concern with the massive increase of large tar sands carriers running through Gitxaala territory on BC’s North Coast.  Gitxaala’s legal firm, Woodward & Co. released the following press statement Feb. 9th (several days before Transport Canada released it’s own report):

On Monday, February 6, the Gitxaala Nation filed a judicial review application in Federal Court challenging its ongoing exclusion from a non-transparent and critical component of the federal government’s review of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project. Transport Canada has established a Termpol Review Process to review and assess the Gateway Project’s proposed shipping routes and marine terminal facilities.

A number of government and non-government entities – including the Haisla Nation – are involved in this review process through a specialized committee, but Gitxaala was never invited to participate. Moreover, Transport Canada rejected Gitxaala’s request to be included in the Termpol Review Process.

Under the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, shipping routes for the oil and condensate tankers would pass through the heart of the Gitxaala’s Territory, including Principe Channel. Gitxaala sustenance, culture, economy, and identity are and have always been deeply rooted in the ocean and marine resources. The proposed heavy tanker traffic and the potential for pollution threaten Gitxaala’s sustainability. An accidental oil spill in or near Gitxaala Territory could be catastrophic for the Gitxaala and their culture.

Gitxaala Chief Elmer Moody explains the impact of the proposed shipping route on his community as follows, “Virtually all Gitxaala, on reserve and off, rely on marine resource harvesting. Marine resource harvesting is in an essential part of our culture. Our culture, spirituality, and governance structure are eternally and profoundly linked to our territory and resources within our territory. The inability to harvest marine resources as a result of increased tanker traffic or an oil spill would cause irreparable harm to Gitxaala. I do not know if our people could ever recover from such damage.”

The central claim in the Application is that Transport Canada is breaching its constitutional duty to consult with the Gitxaala by excluding the Nation from the Termpol Review Process. The Application seeks remedies that would ensure Gitxaala’s meaningful inclusion in that process. Enbridge Northern Gateway has also been named in the Application as a directly affected party.

Ancient Gitxaała Village -new C14 dates

In the south-central area of Laxyuup Gitxaała, on the south east of Pitt Island in behind the Cherry Islets, is Citeyats (IR #9 established July 10, 1891 by Commissioner Peter O’Reilly) a large Gitxaała village site.  Our archaeological research here has identified the surface features of up to 26 house depression including at least five large plank houses along the water front described by Jacinto Caamano during his 1792 visit.[1]  Recent C14 (carbon 14) dates provide decisive evidence that Citeyats has been continuously inhabitant  for at least 4,000 years before present.[2]  Our percussion core tests and auger test samples, conducted in a systematic grid pattern, clearly show evidence of continuous human occupation from the surface of the village site to the sterile soil and bedrock an average of 3-4 meters below the surface. Careful examination of these samples shows no evidence of breaks in occupation of this amazing village.

The historical evidence of this village can be found in Caamano’s detailed account of his month long stay stormbound off the village and his visit ashore as a guest of honour of Smoygyat Homstits in 1792.  Caamano had a range of adventures while at anchor, including an occasion in which a number of his crew found themselves stranded, nude on the beach, as the local inhabitants made off with the sailors’ clothes.  The crew did get their clothing back and Caamano received an invitation to what is likely the earliest European record of a Gitxaała feast.

This is an area that is directly in the path of the Northern Gateway proposed tanker route.  Large scale opposition to the pipeline and tankers might not save this place from development.  Villages like Citeyats are simultaneously ancient heritage sites AND actively used places for harvesting and critical cultural practices.  It would be shame to find this amazing landscape covered in tar sands oil due to an Exon Valdez like accident.


[1] It is interesting to note that of the reserves established by Inidan Lands Commissioner Peter O’Reilly only two were primary village sites – Lach Klan and Citeyats.  A third, Klapthon (IR #5 & #5A) was proposed as a new primary village closer to the steamship travel. The other reserves are all fisheries stations, though at least three have midden or remains of middens within the reserve boundaries.  The selection of these fishing stations as reserves reflects the active decisions of Gitxaała chiefs to maintain access to critical fisheries as they ensured a future for their community in the face of increased industrial and colonial encroachment.

[2]  As of December 16, 2011 we have received 8 C14 dates from the University of Arizona NSF Arizona AMS Laboratory.

Gitxaala Defends Sovereignty of Laxyuup

Update:  December 2, 2010.  Blockade to come down following Minister of Forests promise to meet with Gitxaala leadership.

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Going on two weeks now Gitxaala Hereditary leaders have engaged in a public act of asserting their sovereignty over the Laxyuup Gitxaala (traditional territory).

Two primary reasons have been given: (1) the logging company, Triumph Timber, has continuously refused to consult in a fair and adequate manner with respect to the logging of Gitxaala lands, and; (2) the Provincial Ministry of Forests and Range have consistently dragged their feet on meaningful negotiations regarding Gtixaala’s forest license.

Aboriginal fishing in front of non-aboriginal logging.

Gitxaala hereditary leaders have a long and consistent history of patient negotiations with newcomers and the explanation of Gitxaala’s authority and jurisdiction.  From the time of the first foreign ships in Gitxaala waters (James Collnett in 1787 and J. Caamano in 1792) all the way through to the present the hereditary leadership and their speakers have consistently outlined the expectations for the behaviour of visitors.

Maybe this time the visitors will listen.

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