For this week, we review the many roles that GIS has in crime analysis. GIS is used in crime analysis mainly for reducing the crime and improving the quality of life. In the beginning, we learned several crime theories. The routine activity theory argues that the socio-economic characteristics of people are not random across space; it is evident that routine activities are also not casual across the area. The rational choice theory suggests that most offenders make a rational decision to commit an offence. The criminal pattern theory comes up with an opinion that criminals usually commit crimes in certain areas. 

Then, we recanalize the crime as a geographical issue. Environmental criminology is a reflection that the geographic distribution of offences is not a random process. Since crimes are human phenomena, therefore, understating where and why crimes occur can improve attempts to fight crime. 

GIS is a powerful tool that can identify problem areas, produce maps for officers to use in the field, keep track of particular offenders, and assist in solving crimes. It often used in the crime analysis, which refers to the qualitative and quantitative study of crime and law enforcement information in combination with socio-demographic and spatial factors to apprehend criminals, prevent crime, reduce disorder, and evaluate organizational procedures. Crime analysis includes four levels of models. Intelligence and criminal investigative report is the study of “organized” or serial illegal activity. Tactical crime analysis is the study of recent and potential criminal activity. Strategic crime analysis is the study of crime and law enforcement information integrated with socio-economic and spatial factors to determine long-term patterns of movement. The administrative crime analysis is the interesting presentation findings of crime research and study based on legal, political and practical concerns to inform audiences within law enforcement administration, city government, and citizens.