Data

The data for this study were collected from two sources. The 22 local planning area boundaries were downloaded from the Vancouver Open Data Portal alongside the census data for 2016 and 2011. The census data are provided by Statistics Canada from the 2011 and 2016 Census’ as a custom profile for each of the City’s 22 Local Areas (Vancouver Open Data). Many studies on spatial analysis and crime have already identified certain socioeconomic variables that have shown correlations with crime patterns such as poverty, population density, stability of the population, youth, lone-parent households, recent immigrants, and lack of education among many more (Shaw and Mackay 1942, Anselin et al. 2000, Andresen 2006, Andresen 2007, Ceccato et al. 2002, and Ackerman and Martin 2004). Based on the literature, seven variables from the census data were included as our socioeconomic factors: population density (total population divided by area), percentage of young population (everyone 34 and under), percent in the low-income bracket, unemployment rate, recent immigrants (last five years), everyone with no postsecondary or higher education, and percentage of lone-parent households. Finally, the crime data was collected from the Vancouver Police Department Open Data. The types of crimes included were: Commercial Break and Enter, Residential Break and Enter, Vehicle Collision, Mischief, Offence against a Person, Other Theft, Theft from Vehicle, Theft of Vehicle, and Theft of Bicycle. To analyze the change over time, only data from the years 2006 and 2016 were downloaded.