Author Archives: oscar caridad

Should cigarettes be abolished in Canada?

 

Smoking tobacco has been prevalent in Canadian communities for a very long time. Indigenous groups in Canada have been known to use tobacco to smoke for thousands of years.  Canadians have been smoking cigarettes since the early 19th century. As time has advanced so have our smoking habits. In 2020 the University of Waterloo conducted a smoking prevalence survey where they concluded that 3.2 million Canadians (approximately 10.2% of the entire Canadian population) actively smoke cigarettes. The current trend in cigarette usage has seen a decrease in cigarette usage over the past 20 years. However, despite the decrease, some people feel that cigarettes should be banned altogether. 

 

 Tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable illness and death in Canada. Over 48,000 Canadians die from tobacco use every year. Smoking legislation has already come a long way since the 19th century. Smokers would argue abolitions is an extremely drastic change however it is important to remember that it was only just over ten years ago that smoking with children in the car was legal. If a smoker was told that they weren’t allowed to smoke in a bar in the early 21st century they most likely would have gone ballistic believing that it is a complete infringement on their rights. Cigarettes are also a major cause of fires in Canada. From 2012-2015 11% of all outdoor fires were deemed to be caused by cigarettes that were improperly disposed of. 

 

In Canada, the cigarette and tobacco economy is one that puts roofs over people’s houses and food in their children’s mouths. There are over 2,300 Canadians working in the cigarette and tobacco manufacturing sector as of 2023. Economics is not the only reason abolition would be the wrong approach. Considering the health of current smokers is extremely important. Out of the 3.2 million Canadians that actively smoke cigarettes 2.6 million of them are daily smokers. If these people can no longer smoke their cigarettes they can experience serious withdrawal symptoms. Feelings of high anxiety, depression, and lack of sleep can severely impact a person’s mental health. Many people believe that being able to buy and consume cigarettes is their human-born right. A right that should not be infringed upon by the government. It does not take a smoker to not want to have freedoms of choice to be limited by the government. 

 

 

 

Why does everyone I know vape? Nicotine is why.

 Thousands of Canadians are becoming addicted to nicotine. There has recently been an increase in the popularity of nicotine products such as vapes, cigarettes, and nicotine pouches among young Canadians. 

Figure 1. Vape pen and Cigarette Source:Wikimedia

Many teens turn to vaping or nicotine pouches believing they are safer to consume than tobacco products but the truth is that they are all harmful. The nicotine in these tobacco-free products is extracted from tobacco giving it its addictive quality. Nicotine is an extremely addictive, fast-acting psychoactive chemical. It stimulates the release of adrenaline and dopamine. While nicotine is not generally the root cause of illness or death, its presence in all smoking products is what gets people addicted. The general public is becoming addicted to nicotine products at an alarming rate.

 

Figure 2. Chemical structure of Nicotine Source: Wikimedia

The rise in nicotine addiction in adolescents can be linked to the rise of vape usage. The Canadian Tobacco and Nicotine survey of 2021 concluded that almost half of all adults aged 20-24 reported using vape products at least once. Similarly, they found that 29% of youth aged 15 to 19 years of age had tried vape products. 

Figure 3. Vaping statistics among youth in Canada

 Nicotine has been proven to be especially harmful to developing adults. Since the brain has not fully developed until at least 25 years of age, any nicotine usage in adolescence can cause irreversible damage to it. In adolescents, nicotine particularly affects the prefrontal cortex which is the area of the brain that is responsible for executive functions and attention performance.  Nicotine has both short and long-term effects on the brain such as developing mood disorders and permanently lowering impulse control

This is a problem that must be addressed. Keeping Canadians away from nicotine is vital to their well-being.

-Oscar Caridad

A dog’s nose sheds light into a world we cannot see

 

Dogs are one of the world’s most beloved household pets. However, “man’s best friend” is good for more than just fetching sticks. Dogs are used all over the world for a variety of reasons. Dogs help save lives by being a part of search and rescue teams, bomb squads, and being support animals for those who have medical conditions that can be life-threatening. In the United States, there are roughly 500,000 service dogs helping humans increase their quality of life. A dog’s sense of smell is the key to its utility.

Bomb-Sniffing Dog

Bomb-sniffing Dog

In the past, dogs were mainly used to help hunt or herd livestock. Now certain breeds of dogs can pick up scents that can be linked to seizures, anxiety, or blood sugar. Recently Britt Grogan  went into diabetic shock as she was flying cross country. Luckily, she had her service dog Ruxx, who was able to sense her low blood sugar and notify her. “The dog literally saved her life by just telling her your blood sugar is low and you need to wake up and take care of yourself”.

 

A dog’s sense of smell is one of the most sensitive in the animal kingdom. Certain breeds of dogs have over 300 million scent receptors. Humans cap out at just about 6 million scent receptors in our noses. The way dogs smell is a more refined process than it is in humans. Dogs have a much larger olfactory system than humans which is key to their keen sense of smell. The olfactory system is responsible for the brain to process the sense of smell. The snout of a dog consists of its nostrils, respiratory epithelium, and olfactory epithelium. The olfactory system of a dog consists of a single passageway.  It starts from their nostrils connecting to their respiratory epithelium. The scent continues to travel up their snout to their olfactory epithelium which sends signals to their olfactory bulb that connects to their b

rain. The special thing about dogs is that their olfactory bulb takes up a larger part of their brain relative to humans. This allows their brains to process the mountain of information that their scent receptors send to their brains.

 

 

Physiology of Dog’s snout

It is incredible how useful and sensitive the sense of smell of a canine is. A dog’s nose sheds light on a world we cannot see.