Author Archives: Andrew Ting

Do Older Women Make Better Mothers?

Humans, naturally, like other animals, want to provide the best for their offspring. Couples generally take into account their financial situation, look at certain patterns in their family trees to try to prevent the risk of hereditary diseases and also prepare immensely before trying for a baby. But have couples ever looked at the biological effects of age and its offspring?

Elderly Mom with Children
Image by Niloy via Flickr

According to a research done in Denmark, older women tend to be better mothers. In the study, it was discovered that children who are born to women over forty years old were healthier, cleverer and had more emotional stability, as opposed to children who were born to parents in their twenties.

The average age of pregnancy is rising in North America, as many women in the United States are waiting longer than ever to have their first child. Just fifteen years ago the average age for women pregnancy was 24 years, but by the year 2014 that age had risen to 26 years.
Dion Summer, a researcher at Aarhus University in Denmark, analyzed the psychological maturity of older women and has shown benefit of children’s success until mid-teens due to their parents emotional stability. Regardless of the mothers background and education, they have found that children’s language and social development also increased as their mothers’ age increased.

Another study published in the European Journal of Developmental Psychology has found that mature women do not physically discipline their children as much as younger mothers. Researchers from the University of Texas and the University of Michigan have done five decades worth of research which involved more than 160,000 children and showed disciplinary spankings increase childhood mental health issues. Older mothers tend to discipline and scold their children less than do those of younger age. After the child passes the age of 15, there is no difference in the amount of scolding done by the mother, regardless of their age. This helps explains the importance of childhood development as childhood defiance and scolding is closely related to their specific age.

Childhood Punishment
Image by Colour via Flickr

The increasing age of pregnancy in North America means people are getting older before they get pregnant. Maybe the increase in pregnancy age may help future generations of adults to succeed.

-Andrew Ting

Menopause: Why Do Humans Experience It?

It has always been a mystery as to why humans go through menopause. Chimpanzees and bonobos, whom we share 99% of our DNA with, are still able to reproduce throughout their entire lifespans while humans in their latter part of their lives become infertile. What then, are the reasons for humans becoming infertile as they get older?

Recently BBC and the Atlantic has published an article that can potentially explain the cause of menopause. Menopause is actually a unique trait shared by only three species: humans, killer whales, and pilot whales. Scientists have made many predictions as to why humans may experience menopause, but these predictions end up being extremely difficult to test. One possible explanation for menopause is the Grandmother Hypothesis. The Grandmother Hypothesis suggests that humans have given up their reproductive potential to focus more on caring for their children and grandchildren. In order to prove this hypothesis, we must prove that children are more likely to survive when their grandmother is present compared to when she isn’t. Dr. Lummaa from the University of Turku has published a study that shows that children are 12% more likely to survive adulthood if their grandmother is present.

Elderly Woman Image by Kawahara via Flickr

With the help of advanced technology, humans nowadays are able to live longer than ever, and women often outlive the lifespan of the female reproductive system. However scientists are still finding it. This hypothesis is near impossible to test because humans’ current fertility rate patterns are different from the fertility patterns of our ancestors.

Surprisingly, if we investigated other species that also experience menopause, we could possibly relate this information back to the human species. Darren P. Croft, an animal behaviorist at the University of Exeter, used years of data to reveal why killer whales potentially experience menopause. It became clear that from an evolutionary standpoint, it is a disadvantage for the mother and daughter killer whales to be impregnated at the same time. When both the mother and daughter killer whales reproduce during the same period, the newborns of the older generation have a higher chance of dying, approximately 1.7 times more likely as opposed to the younger generation. According to Croft, “this new research shows that old females go through the menopause because they lose out in reproductive competitive with their own daughters.” This research on killer whales provide us with an explanation for menopause that may possibly apply to humans.

Killer Whales: One of the three species that goes through menopause
image by Grit via Flickr

All in all, it remains a mystery as to why humans go through menopause. Although there are many existing hypotheses that may potentially explain menopause, nothing has been scientifically proven. However, we can gain insight into why humans experience menopause through observing other species.

-Andrew Ting