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(Credit: Vasiliy Ptitsyn/Shutterstock)

The effects of recycling seems to be over exaggerated due to the fact that not many are aware that improper recycling harms the environment than it does good. Tragically, improper recycling is done by many, whether intentionally due to situational circumstances or because they are unaware of proper practices. For your understanding, improper recycling is defined to be recycling strategies that makes it harder for recyclable materials to be recycled, or harms the environment more than intended. This article will go over some of the major improper recycling methods that we need to be aware of, so that we can assure that we take full responsibility for our future – a responsibility that everyone must hold.

One thing that we do that represents improper recycling the most is how we dispose of our plastic bags. Interestingly, it has been found that many people put plastic bags in the plastic section, or one of the recycle bins. However, these plastic bags, even if they are stated to be biodegradable, cannot be recycled in this manner. This is because, firstly, biodegradable plastic bags need to be in a condition where they can be broken down by bacteria – hence “bio”-degradable. This condition is only met if the plastic bags are in landfill, but the bags will never be able to reach landfill if it is put in the ‘plastic’ section.

Ironically even if they are thrown away properly, green consumer advocate Debra Lynn Dadd states that contemporary landfill cannot degrade materials “because they are compacted so tightly, [they] do not let much air in”.  The severity of the issue can be further implied as she was able to find “25-year old hotdogs”, as well as “50-year-old newspapers” in the landfill that were still readable. This is what we define as situational improper recycling, where we are not able to recycle efficiently even when putting in our efforts to do so, because the circumstances does not support it. This calls for attention by the government, or any other institutes to devise a new method into reinforcing biodegradation in landfills. However, the general public is not demanding, or aware of this fact because they are negligent towards it.

Furthermore, Items that are in the plastic section is moved to a recycling center, where workers sort items accordingly. One would assume that machinery would be involved, as the daily trash production globally is immensely high – and yes, machinery are involved. However, when plastic bags are in the recycle bin, the “soft plastics clog up the machinery”, meaning that you could break the recycling center. When plastic bags enter the recycling center, Mike Tunney, area recycling director for Waste Management states that it “contaminates their recycling streams, [slows down] their systems, drives up [the] cost [of the process], and hurts the quality of the materials”. Specifically, Tunney informs us that the plastic would plug the gaps of the machine, and that more than five hours are spent removing these materials from the machine. Plastic bags, therefore, should either be “reused”, returned to retailers, and most importantly, thrown into “regular trash”.

• Figure 1. News that outlines how improper recycling practices of plastic bags do more harm than good to the environment

Another issue that needs to be outlined is that people are simply, not recycling properly. Mark Badger, the executive vice-president of Canada Fibers state that “almost one in three pounds of what goes in a blue box shouldn’t be there”. This, contaminates the existing recyclable materials from being recyclable to non-recyclable, as it is stated that even a few spoonful of peanut butter can contaminate a tonne of paper. Furthermore, China, the world’s biggest importer of recyclable material, started banning imports of paper with more than 0.5 percent contamination, making contamination an even more significant problem. This meant that these paper, had to be in almost perfect condition. Any small deformities, such as a stain on paper has now made it become utter trash. To add insult to injury, it has been found that “North American cities are struggling to meet” the standard of the 0.5 percent contamination, serving as a further implication of how poorly we are recycling.

• Figure 2. This outlines the contamination rate of recyclable material that is caused by improper recycling practices all across Canada. Statistics are shown to be from April 2018. Further implies, that most of North America isn’t passing the threshold to pass paper material over to China.

So, what can we do? First, it is clearly evident that we must be careful of how we dispose of our plastic bags, or any other items. Never assume that something should go in a blue bin, even if it has the recycling symbol. This is because depending on your region, it may not be recyclable, like how a “coffee cup lid [is] not recyclable in Toronto”. Search up what is recyclable to be able to identify what materials go in what, and plastic bags should go into the regular trashcan. There are many more things that you can do to properly recycle – and there are many more improper recycling practices that are continued today, that you may not have known. There are simply too much to cover in one article. So, do the research – bear the responsibilities that we must take in order to protect our world, for today – and for tomorrow.

Written by – Isaiah Youm

Air quality in New Delhi has worsened in the last decade. According to a WHO survey, Delhi has the worst air quality as compared to other major cities around the world. The poisonous particulate matter of air in New Delhi is 440 pm which is 12 times worse than the recommended level of 35 pm. Air pollution is responsible for killing millions of people across India, from lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lower respiratory infections, and diabetes. Air pollution in New Delhi is expected to reduce the life expectancy of its residents by 20 months and responsible for irreversible damage to the lungs of 50% of all children in the state. 

Reason for Pollution 

•  Air quality worsens in the capital around this time of the year due to stubble burning when crops are being harvested. 
• Around 60% of the population in India still use fossil and solid fuels to cook food, thus increasing the carbon dioxide level in the air. 
• Firecrackers burnt on Diwali, known as the festival of lights also add to the increasing smog levels. 
• New Delhi has a population of around 20 million people and carbon dioxide emissions from 8.8 million registered motor vehicles.  

Current Situation    

On 3rd Nov 2019, the air quality level climbed to a hazardous level and 37 flights were diverted from the New Delhi Airport due to poor visibility. New Delhi’s Chief Minister had to shut down schools due to the current hazardous air quality and announced that 5 million masks would be distributed to schoolchildren across the state. The government has given out temporary bans on construction activities and industrial plants to control the pollution level. Further, the government has implemented an odd-even scheme for cars under which vehicles with an odd number will not be allowed to drive on even dates of the month.

Next Steps to reduce air pollution

• Burning waste – Heavy fines should be imposed on people who burn garbage, tires, leaves and other wastes.
• Solar energy – Installation of solar panels at home should be encouraged and subsidies should be provided to residents.
• Carpooling- Congestion free lanes can be made for cars with three or four people to encourage people to carpool to work.

Group A- Simarbir Singh Dhaliwal

What is graphene?

Essentially a 1 atom thick sheet of pencil lead, graphene is the first “2D” material we’ve ever come across and holds unique properties that boast a wide berth of potential applications. Like all other purely carbon materials, it is in the arrangement of the carbon atoms that give the material its specific properties. The difference between soft, flaky graphite and extremely tough diamonds are in how their carbon atoms sort themselves, and evidently, in how many atom layers they do so in. The hexagonal arrangement of carbon in graphite boasts strong bonds between the atoms, playing a part to graphene’s immense strength once isolated. University of Manchester researcher Andre Geim and his team were able to perform this isolation by using tape on graphite repeatedly, until only graphene remained, earning Geim a Nobel Prize in 2010 for his findings.

Alex LMX / Shutterstock

What’s special about graphene?

The unique properties the carbon sheet takes once taken from graphite into a single atomic layer are what earn graphene the title of a supermaterial. First and foremost, its incredible strength is over 40x stronger than that of a diamond. Prof. Hone at Columbia University puts this into perspective in his words, “it would take an elephant, balanced on a pencil, to break through a sheet of graphene the thickness of Saran Wrap.”. Beyond that, graphene is also a great conductor of both heat and electricity, moving electrons 200x faster than silicon. Graphene also absorbs very little light, making it translucent. With all these amazing properties in one material, the applications are countless and exciting, some currently in practice include glasses, and sporting equipment. While the current logistics of incorporating the material into transistors and other high-scale applications are yet to be feasible, further research and investment into graphene is in progress and marks an exciting development in the future.

-By: Tae woo Kim