Category Archives: Science in the News

A Critique on the Static Nature of Cancer-research Articles

(Cancer, Source: Alpha Stock Images)

Recent statistics released by the Canadian Cancer Society estimate that one in every two people will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Statistics that if accurate, implore the general public and scientists alike to ask what progress is being made on the front of finding a cure for cancer. Enter “The State of Cancer: Are we close to a cure?” by Maria Cohut, an article published in Medical News Today written with the intention of answering this question.

pros of the Prose

In the current epoch of ‘fake news’ where inaccurate claims are shamelessly made, this article employs the use of a ‘fact checker’. A useful method that should become an industry standard. This coupled with the utilization of hyperlinks to the literature referenced, facilitates an opportunity for readers to critically appraise significant claims. Such as the compelling statistic that a staggering 1 in 6 deaths globally are cancer related. A statistic that emphasizes the timeliness of the article, whilst offering the reader a tool to confirm the compelling results for themselves and instilling confidence that a month later it will not be debunked as inaccurate. When concerning a topic and data that impacts so many people not only nationally but internationally, and on which hope is so quickly built upon; it is imperative that such articles are transparent in their conclusions.

COns of the Content

A pathological issue in the cancer-article genre is the writer’s inability to connect the research and breakthroughs to the readers beyond an informative description. Cohut breaks down the frontiers of cancer research; but, falls short of informing the reader (and possible patient) on ways to get involved in the study in either a volunteer or donor capacity. Often the topics of such articles are still in a research and development phase or preparing to enter hum

(Lost, Source: Pixabay)

an trials. The need for both volunteers and donors may exist, but too often fails to be addressed. The target audience for these cancer treatment articles have recently received a life-changing diagnosis or heartbreaking news and are in search of hope. When articles such as Cohut’s become fixated on describing the ‘latest and greatest’ in cancer research, they fail to pay off on what interested the reader in the first place, the hope to engage in a mutually beneficial opportunity to improve their chances of beating the diagnosis.

Is ‘ok’ okay?

Cohut’s article identifies the current state of knowledge in cancer research, but ultimately fails to leave any lasting impact, which is disappointing considering that involving a reader in such research is as simple as a hyperlink. In Canada, where individuals have a 50% chance of receiving a cancer diagnosis in their lifetime, should the medium evolve to equip and involve their readers or settle with a catchy title, an ‘ok’ article, and no practical takeaway message?

(Hope, Source: Alpha Stock Images)

By: Jonathan Kraft

Fast radio burst signals

Artificial Radio waves is one of the most common electromagnetic radiations in the modern world. Nowadays, people use it in broadcasting, radar, and other systems. However, natural radio waves come from the space objects and we will talk about one of these natural radio waves, Fast radio burst(FRB).  On 9 January 2019, it is reported that the astronomers found the second repeating FRB source by using CHIME which is a new radio telescope in Canada. This repeating FRB source was from over 1.5 billion light years away and it was named as FRB 180814. But, what is FRB exactly?

CHIME experiment construction (Mateus A. Fandiño)

FRB is a transient radio pulse and the length of it start from a millisecond to a few milliseconds. Although FRBs is reported for multiple times, the repeating fast radio burst is quite rare and only two of the repeating FRB is FRB 121102 and this FRB 180814. The first signals from FRB 121102 were discovered in 2012 and it was confirmed that it was caused by plasma dispersion. However, FRB 121102 was observed by astronomer Paul Scholz in November 2015 again. He used the Arecibo radio telescope to find 10 repeating fast radio pulses from May 2015 TO June 2015. In the next few years, the FRB 121102 was recorded once again in 2016,2017 and 2018, this showed that it is not a one-time event.

But what are the sources of these FRBs? We are still yet to confirm the source of fast radio burst signals, but it is suggested that it could come from a highly magnetized rotating neutron star(pulsar). A neutron star is the collapsed core of a giant star. Some of the neutron stars will emit electromagnetic radiations such as FRB so that they can be detected by instruments.

Neutron Stars(NASA Goddard)

 

Some scientist suggested that the repeating FRB could come from an unknown extraterrestrial intelligence. They argued that the FRB repeating signals is an artificial stray blast and they are caused by spaceships. However, this is also a hypothesis and it is not be proven.

In conclusion, these “sources” for FRB are all assumptions and the source of FRB signals still remain to be unknown. Scientists are still working on it and looking forward to solving this mystery.

 

Siming tang

Video

What does “Chang’e 4” soft landing on the far side of moon mean to us?

As we know, China has achieved the first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon with the spacecraft which is named Chang’e 4. This is a huge achievement because it is the first time that humans have been able to see or investigate the back side of the moon. Due to the interaction of forces between the Earth and the Moon, the revolution and cycles of the Moon are always the same as those of the Earth, which means that we can only forever see the same side of the moon from the Earth, which causes the phenomenon called ‘tidal lock.’ In order to uncover the the mysterious back of the moon and help humans know more about it, Chang’e 4 has landed there and carried out the mission.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20180912_6258TPS-TPR-2018Q3-18-09-04-p14legacy.png

Landing Process

The landing of chang’e 4 is divided into 4 parts. First of all, power reduction process starts at 15KM above the moon ground and the speed of the spacecraft decreases from 1.7km/s to 0. Then, at about 6-8KM, the detector performs a quick attitude adjustment. When the detector reaches 100m above the ground, it stops and tries to identify obstacles and slopes.

Difficulty of landing on the back side

The soft landing on the far side of the moon is really difficult because there are many craters on the back of the moon, especially in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin, and the terrain of elevation is extremely complex. What’s more, in the process of the landing, the direction of the Earth is unavailable. All the information needs to be transferred by the Trunk star and there is delay on the image transfer, which means the whole process of landing is blind.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/lunarpioneer/1250053951 Joel Raupe

Significance of soft landing

This landing matters a lot to the science world. For astronomers, the back of the moon is a quiet and good place to conduct radio observations. Because the celestial bodies in the universe are very far away from us, the electromagnetic signal is very weak. Therefore, astronomers hope to build telescopes in completely quiet areas to monitor weak electromagnetic signals from the universe. On the back of the moon, the moon itself blocks various interfering signals from the Earth, so it can detect electromagnetic signals that are indistinguishable on Earth.

 

Fan Feng

Cultural Influence on Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that causes a person to lose touch with reality. Symptoms would often include hallucinations, delusions, depression, and abnormal speech and behaviour. But did you know that a person with schizophrenia can behave and think differently depending on the culture they’re in?

A woman hallucinating. Image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ill_dict_infernal_p0333-317_hallucination.jpg

In America, people with schizophrenia would often hear voices that are rather harsh and violent. These voices would often say something that would insult the person or tell them to do something violent or inappropriate. This can lead to depression, suicidal tendencies, and also violent tendencies.

However, the voices that Africans and Indians hear are considered to be benign. According to studies, Africans and Indians would often hear voices that would encourage them or voices that were rather playful in nature. The voices can also be thought of as a companion for them.

The difference between how schizophrenia appears in people of a different culture is most likely to be caused by the societal values of the culture and also how different cultures portray schizophrenia.

In America, schizophrenia is seen as a mental illness that causes a person to lose themselves. The person would lose their individuality and their sense of self. The voices as thus are seen as an intrusion which would then create a conflict between the person and the voices. As a result of the rising conflict between the “voices” in the person’s head, the voices would begin to become violent and uncontrollable.

Meanwhile, Eastern and African cultures have a more collectivist view. This shaped their auditory hallucination in a way that allowed them to hear voices from their relatives or friends that have passed away. They think of the voices as a form of their close ones trying to help and guide their life and some even think of it in a religious context, where God is trying to talk to them and guide them. This allowed them to make peace with the voices and think of the voices as companions.

Angel talking to a man. Image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Dream_of_Saint_Joseph.jpg

The comparisons between how cultures affect schizophrenia could allow for improved or new treatments for schizophrenic patients.

Gloria Chan