Posted by: | 4th Jan, 2013

Fahrenheit 451 and the Question of Censorship

Context:

Upon my return to Sentinel Secondary later this month, I will have the opportunity to lead a novel study of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 with two English 11 classes. In preparation for this unit, I plan to embark on an inquiry project that will give me insight into and knowledge about historical and modern cases of censorship – a theme that features prominently in the novel. I will use what I learn to enhance the study of the novel for my students by increasing my ability to answer their questions and finding connections I can make for students between Fahrenheit 451 and their own lives.

Research Question:

To state my proposed area of research more precisely, I plan to embark on this inquiry with the following two questions in mind: “what parallels can be drawn between the censorship in Ray Bradbury’s fictional world in Fahrenheit 451 and historical and modern instances of censorship?” and, “does having a better understanding of historical and modern censorship enhance the study of a highly censored fictional world?” Knowing the answers to  these questions will help me improve students’ understanding and enjoyment of the novel and – I think – enable me to provide a richer, more meaningful experience for my grade 11s this spring.

Note: As a supplementary source of information, I will review literary criticisms of Bradbury that delve into his extensive use of symbolism and figurative language. This could lead to a discussion with students about methods that have been used to publish subversive material in totalitarian regimes, and a continuation of discussion on a text they’re already connecting to Fahrenheit 451: Plato’s Allegory of the Cave.

Resources to be consulted:

Baez, Fernando. A Universal History of the Destruction of Books. New York: Atlas, 2008.

“Bannings and Burnings in History.” Freedom to Read. Canada Council for the Arts. 2009. Web. 5 Jan. 2013.

Canada Council for the Arts. Challenged Books and Magazines List, February 2012. 2009. PDF. 5 Jan. 2013. <http://www.freedomtoread.ca/docs/challenged_books_and_magazines_february_2012.pdf>

Finklestein, David and Alistair McCleery. An Introduction to Book History. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Kreider, Tim. “Uncle Ray’s Dystopia.” The New York Times 8 June 2012. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/opinion/uncle-rays-dystopia.html>

Swaim, Don. Interview with Ray Bradbury. May 1992. MP3. <http://www.wiredforbooks.org/raybradbury/>

White, Harry. Anatomy of Censorship: Why the Censors Have it Wrong. Maryland: University Press of America, 1997.

 

Responses

Dear Shannon,

As I mentioned in my comments in class last week, I think this is a rich topic. In particular, I remarked upon the fine line between censorship and selection. As teachers of literature we may view the former as a violent, oppressive act and the latter as a nurturing, thoughtful act. Teachers select literature with a view to age appropriateness, etc, and may not question their actions. And yet, many have troubled the notion of selection. Evidently selecting a collection of texts for a class to read over a year entails passing over a far larger collection of others. What motivates our selections and are these motivations valid? This is a very difficult question that I hope you will introduce in the context of your work. There is a long history of writing on this topic — I’ve included some articles for your reference below.

I look forward to discussing this further tomorrow.

Teresa

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References

Asheim, L. (1953). Not censorship but selection. Wilson Library Bulletin, 28(1), 63-67.

Grigg, K. L. (1993). Censorship and Selection. ERIC Document: ED630955.

Kelly, P. P., & Small Jr, R. C. (1986). Censorship or Selection?. Virginia English Bulletin, 36(1), n1.

Kidd, K. (2009). “Not Censorship but Selection”: Censorship and/as Prizing. Children‘s Literature in Education, 40(3), 197-216.

Reichman, H. (2001). Censorship and selection: Issues and answers for schools. ALA Editions.

Shannon,

The topic of censorship I think will be extremely relevant, important and exciting to your students especially in this period of time with all of the information out there for students to access (or not). Or, at least, students can relate to the idea of wanting to express themselves but being met with limitations. Having students explore censorship in their own lives and experiences as you mentioned, as well current issues with SOPA, MTV, and so forth, sounds like a great way to not only raise awareness and generate meaningful discussions, but hook students into the novel. I haven’t read the novel, so I can’t comment directly about it but your first question, “what parallels can be drawn between the censorship in Ray Bradbury’s fictional world in Fahrenheit 451 and historical and modern instances of censorship?” sounds quite focused but allows for much exploration.

I think teaching this novel will be very rewarding for you.

Best of luck,
Rita

Hi Shannon,

I think this is an excellent research question. The question of censorship is a lot more relevant than most high school students think. As free as the Internet is, the tracking and monitoring of online activity can potentially be the first step in censorship, after all surveillance is closely tied to censorship.

Another idea is also the idea of political correctness as a form of censorship. It was mentioned in another class, when we avoid the words that get at a core of an issue, that the issue won’t be covered in depth. I think students would benefit from learning about the power of words and what happens when words are not allowed to be used.

I hope your research goes well,

Jose

Thanks, Rita and Jose, for your comments. In light of what Teresa has noted and what I’ve found as I’ve started my research, I’ve broadened my question to look at censorship and the classroom literature selection process more generally. It’s a bit paradoxical, but I’ve broadened my view in order to narrow my focus… 🙂 The question I’ll address now will, I think, be more relevant to everyone in this class, as it focuses less on F451 and more on the “politics of selection.” I’m working through a lot of research and critical commentary on censorship, and will end up with – hopefully – some answers to this revised question: “What factors motivate or contribute to the censorship or selection of books for high school students?”

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