This lecture covers how crime, space, and GIS can be related as criminal activity is assumed as non-random phenomena. Crime analysis overall can be qualitative or quantitative and generally analyzes crime data or any law enforcement agency’s response to crime, which ultimately contributes to reducing crime overall. There are three main environmental criminology theories that have underlying geographic assumptions. Routine activity theory applies a network of nodes where criminal victimization is likely to happen and utilizes socio-demographic features of environments to theorize the chances of criminal activity. Network analysis is also used to study organized crime. Next, rationale choice theory examines how the spaces most familiar to criminals are more likely to be spaces where criminal activity occurs. Finally, criminal pattern theory uses past data to explore possible patterns and create predictive models for future occurrences. GIS has become used widely by law enforcement agencies in municipalities to better understand potential threats and spacial patterns of crime.