Tag Archives: science

Fiberglass-spinning robots could be construction workers of the future

Similar to how a silkworm spins a cocoon from a single thread, there is a new man-made robot that also creates things from a single thread. The only difference is that while a silkworm builds a cocoon for a home, the robot builds custom-shaped fiberglass structures for further construction.

Robots that can spin fiberglass thread. Their silicon balloons are shown on the left and the various types of fiberglass structures formed are shown on the right. Source: Science News

Once programmed, these robots are capable of building woven fiberglass tubes that can create large structures such as buildings and bridges, without the continued help of humans. Because they can be independent after being programmed, the robots become especially useful when it comes to infrastructural development in areas where humans cannot go.

Down below is a video of how these robots build fiberglass structures.

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When it comes to size, these robots are only a little bigger than a 1-liter bottle. This is including the silicone balloon with propeller arms located on the top of the robot. These “arms” are primarily used to build fiberglass structures by producing a resin-coated thread, which is then hardened through ultraviolet light. As a result, the threads are glued into one larger piece that is usually at a length of 9-centimeters. Once formed, the silicone balloon deflates and tilts to bend the segment into different shapes and sizes.

The components of the Fibreglass Spinning Robots. Source: Archpaper

Markus Kayser, a designer and roboticist at MIT, and his colleagues tested the fiberglass structure made by the automated robots. They found that the structures could withstand cold weather for up to seven months without any damage. In addition, they have found that the robots could join other construction robots to build more complex structures.

Robots building tube-shaped fiberglass structures in extreme weathers. Source: Science News

One limitation is that because these robots receive orders from a computer, they can only create pre-registered and pre-designed infrastructures. However, as these machines advance in technology, there is a high possibility that they will be capable of doing much more. There is hope that they may even be part structural development in areas such as underwater or even on other planets.

The disease which turns you into a statue, FOP

We all know the story of Medusa, the serpent lady who can turn other life into stone statues of themselves, but what if I told you there is a disease that works similarly and results in the infected individual becoming absolutely immobile. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare disease which affects only two individuals per one million people. FOP is caused by a mutation in the ACVR1 gene, which results in the wrong bonding shape of the protein responsible for rebuilding muscles so that bone and cartilage material are instead accumulates. When a FOP patient suffers damage to muscle tissue, bone matter builds on the injured area and hardens to form solid material. Signs of FOP can be seen at a early age, as patients develop distinct big toe joints that are aimed inwards.

 

The foot of a FOP patient; the toes are aimed inwards and have a distinct shape.http://fopaustralia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Child-toes.jpg

Jailed by Yourself

Imagine getting stuck within the confinements of your own body. Everyday, a part of your body would stop working. You will soon not be able to even lift your hands up to scratch your head. The only escape is death. This is exactly what a FOP patient is feeling throughout their life. Unfortunately, there are no cures for this type of disease. Bone removal is an option but it just delays the inevitable. Patients are advised to not move strenuously to minimize the muscle damage.

A video of a FOP patient is linked below:
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Victims of FOP 

The most famous of all FOP cases would be the case of Harry Eastlack. His condition came to light after he broke his leg which later hardened as the muscles in his legs became bones. Many more injuries later, Harry’s skeleton have morphed together, his vertebrae being one piece and most of his joints have fused. After he died from pneumonia, his body was donated to science and is now displayed at Mutter Museum.

The skeleton of Harry Eastlack; he froze in place, the same way he lived for the last few years of his life.https://www.raredr.com/news/physician-recommendations-fop

Hyperlink to sources: https://www.ifopa.org/what_is_fop, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fibrodysplasia-ossificans-progressivahttps://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-fop

The Calm Before the Flood: Glacial Lake Outbursts in Bhutan

When you think of global climate change, what is the first thought that comes to mind? Species extinction? Rising ocean levels? Extreme weather events?

It turns out that all of these are possible, unfortunately! However, one that is often overlooked is the formation of supra-glacial lakes. As temperatures rise, the rate of ice melt has accelerated and has increased the amount of water in glacial lakes. Once triggered by an earthquake or ice fall, the lake will overflow. To make matters worse, the melting of ice-core dams can also destabilize the lakes, forming Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). This means that all communities downstream of glacial lakes are at risk of flooding! An example of this is Bhutan – a landlocked country in South Asia.

A map showing the topography of Bhutan and surrounding countries.
Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

As you can see, Bhutan consists of rugged land with steep mountains. Most of Bhutan’s population resides in large river valleys, making their lifestyles vulnerable to flooding. Bhutan’s society is not prepared to deal with flooding, since they rely upon their agricultural sector and hydropower as a source of employment and revenue.

A graph showing the recent trend in GLOF in Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet.
Image Credit: Flickr, User GRID Arendal; published under the Creative Commons License.

To lower the risk of flooding, Bhutan’s first project is in the most dangerous glacial lake: Thorthormi Lake. The goal is to create a channel to drain water out of the lake, which is accomplished by releasing pressure on the dam and using tools to dig ice and remove boulders. So far, the lake has been artificially lowered slightly, increasing the safety for downstream communities. The importance of this project and the necessity for further glacial satellite observation is addressed in the video below.

A video about Bhutan’s melting ice, in the perspective of a world exploration challenge.
Video Credit: Vimeo, User Skyship Films, published under the Creative Commons License.

Bhutan is only one example of a community that is directly threatened by climate change. Therefore, we must invest more thought and research into climate change induced disasters, since preparation is key and can offset future damage.

 

Lexynn Kwan