Category Archives: Module 2

Module #2-1: One Laptop per Child

One Laptop per Child (OLPC), an ambitious project begun in 2006, aims to build an inexpensive laptop (XO) to be sold in the developing world and make it available to children in those countries. By 2009 about 2,000 XO laptops were delivered to three schools in indigenous communities in Australia (article) and students were able to begin to close the education gap, according to their blog posted in 2011. In 2010, twelve First Nation schools in Canada announced the use of the XO laptop in their classrooms.

But the OLPC project has also come under criticism. In 2012, some articles pointed out that the project was a failure because the  XO laptop costs twice the originally intended price. And then in July of this year OLPC announced a very different product—a $150 Android-based tablet, not only for kids in developing nations, but also for sale in Wal-Mart in the US. It seems like the OLPC project is now a little lost but still hoping to find the best way to pursue their original goals.

This OLPC project not only affords Indigenous children an equal opportunity to learn, but also provides methods to facilitate their learning. It enables children to surmount the first and perhaps greatest obstacle to their educational experience.

But it is not enough to just spend a lot of money providing XO laptops or tablets; the project would also be viewed as a big success if were to improve local infrastructure, update software, provide technical support over the long term, and so forth.

I assume that many people knew from the beginning that just providing laptops would not be enough to improve the educational situation. OLPC cannot, unfortunately, fix everything; they are mainly responsible for developing/providing affordable laptops, not for the improvement of local infrastructure. That should be someone else’s responsibility (e.g., government, other NGO groups, etc.).

Module 2: Post 2 – Indigenous Foundations

Indigenous Foundations is a website created by the First Nations Studies Program at UBC as a resource for students, instructors and researchers to begin their exploration into Aboriginal culture. The website is a comprehensive starting point that is rich in information, and also includes primary and secondary sources.

Many topics are covered: identity, land and rights, government policy, community and politics, culture, and global indigenous issues.

For individuals without much knowledge of the Residential School System, this website proves a good beginning. The site clearly and succinctly explains the concept of Residential School, how the government policy came into place, living conditions at the schools, the decline of residential schools, long-term impacts and government apology.

Finally, the site includes a list of books, articles and websites for further reading.

 

 

Module 2: Weblog 5: Language Extinction

I have been finding weblogs about language revitalization strategies and examples of where it is currently happening.  I decided to look for information explores the opposite side of this issue, language extinction.  This website is an article about “language death.”  It takes on a pessimistic view of current endangered languages around the world.

“John McWhorter estimates the 6,000 languages spoken today will dwindle to only 600 next century.”  McWhorter argues despite language revitalization strategies there is no public need for Indigenous language as the dominant languages are used day to day.  He says that most Indigenous languages currently spoken are Indigenous people who are isolated and marginalized and this isolation is caused by their inability to communicate in mainstream language.  He goes on to say that if these Indigenous cultures want a better life for their future they need to convert to speaking a dominant language, the need to speak their own language will become irrelevant and eventually die out.

McWhorter thinks that language is unique to each culture, and is important to preserve but he takes the pessimistic view, Indigenous languages will not stay around much longer.  He thinks that recording and documenting the language for future records is important.  However, the efforts to revitalize language will cease just as “ice melts to water”.

http://io9.com/5442321/90-percent-of-languages-will-be-extinct-next-century-+-and-thats-good

Module 2: Weblog 4: Ntsayka Ikanum’s Story

Ntsayka Ikanum is an Indigenous tribe of Grand Ronde, Orgeon.  This website is a documentation and archive of their history, tradition and current culture.  There are videos of elders speaking in their Indigenous language and telling stories with English subtitles at the bottom.  The language is also scripted in writing with the spoken alphabet recorded.  Currently, the Ntsayka Ikanum tribe is practicing language revitalization.  There are immersion pre-schools and kindergartens for the young children to learn the language fluently.

There is also information about their history, their struggle of relocation, current community events and traditions, and stories of their elders.  There are many audio clips within the website to hear the language and listen to the stories or song being told/ chanted.

The title of the home page is Our Story , I feel that this website was created by the tribe members to take control of their history and represent their own tribal identity through their own stories from their perspective for the world to understand.

http://www.grandronde.org/ikanum/index.html

Mod 2:3 Smudging

Smudging is a ceremony where a braided length of sage is burnt and the smoke is used by the participants for healing. Prayer is part of the ceremony and is used as well as the cleansing with smoke.

I have had the privilege of participating in a few smudges. Two were at St. Mary’s Community School in Saskatoon, SK. where students participate in a weekly smudge. I have also participated during staff PD days. While looking for a resource that would have a good explanation of the ceremony I found The Smudging Ceremony. The website is well written and respectful of the ceremony.

During my searching, I also found this video, How to Smudge. I am including this video in this post because I feel it is a misinformed resource. At one end of the spectrum, ceremonies and stories belong to families and communities and should not be shared with outsiders. At the other end of the spectrum, stories and ceremonies belong to everyone. There is a balance where stories and ceremonies can be shared carefully however this video forgets the sacredness of the smudge.

Mod 2:2 Video on Treaties in SK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhwZQdaPdo0

This link is to a youtube video about treaties in Saskatchewan. The video gives an explanation about how and why treaties were negotiated in Saskatchewan. It is short and easy to watch. The information is presented in a respectful manner. It should be shown to every Saskatchewan student in about grade six or seven as a great intro to treaties.

Module 2 – Post 5 – Who are the Metis?

The Metis Nation of Ontario website provides a great resource for research into Metis culture.  The Website provides a look into Metis culture from both a historical and a contemporary point of view, including areas such as language, leaders, symbols and traditions.

The website also provides information on current and ongoing legislative battles that the Metis are engaging in with provincial and federal governments to regain and perpetuate their rights and culture.  Particular attention is  given to reference to the Powley case, which has reaffirmed the Metis right to maintaining their culture through hunting and gathering activities on their traditional lands.

I think the Metis Nation of Ontario’s website is a good example of using the technology of the internet to both protect and further the culture of the Metis People.

The website can be found here: Metis Nation of Ontario

Module 2 – Post 4 – Rights Granted to Metis

When thinking about how governments need to provide support for Indigenous groups in maintaining their culture, I cam across an article from the CBC News.  The article discusses the recent court victory that affirms that the government of Canada has the same responsibilities to the  Metis and Non-Status Indians under the Canadian Constitution as they do to Status Indians.  While the judgment did not go so far as to spell out what the duties of the government are, it clarified that it is the federal and not the provincial government who bears the responsibility.  The court battle has been going on since 1999, and is widely expected to be appealed by the government of Canada.

The article provides links to a full text copy of the court ruling as well as links to other background information on Indigenous rights issues.

You can read the story here:

Federal Court Grants rights to Metis, Non-Status Indians

Entry 6 : Who are the Indengious peoples?

 

One of the pages under The International Work Group for Indigenious Affairs  (IWGIA)  is entitled Identification of Indigenious People  offers a fairly clear definition of the concept of Indigenious people.  This site offers definitions by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as well  as Martinez Cobo(report to the UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination of Minorities(1986)) and Mme Erica-Irene Daes (chairperson of the united Nations’s Working group on indigenious People).

A commonality of the definitions focuses on the ancestry of indigenious people of having inhabited a territory or area prior to colonization.  Also, the definitons indicate that indigenious peoples  have maintained an unique social, cultural, religious, linguistic and political aspects differing from the mainstream society.

Likewise several important challenges of indigenious peoples include:

Collective Rights:  rights for the collective groups not just rights for the individual.

Self- determination:  the preservation, development, and tansmission of their unique identity

Self-Identity;  identified and accepted as a group with an unique culture, language, etc.

Land and Natural resources’ rights : rights for the lands and resources that the ancestors have inhabited before colonization

Martinez Cobo states that “They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity…”

Module #2 – Post #5: Witnesses

Witnesses, a series of works by aboriginal artists across Canada, has been on exhibit at The Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery at UBC since September 6. Its focus is on the representation of the effects of the residential school system from an aboriginal perspective by those that experienced it directly, or those who have experienced the impact that it continues to have on the indigenous population in Canada.

The exhibition is an insightful, educational and sobering experience, as the works included serve to communicate the psychological, social and physical impact of the residential school system in a way that only works of art can convey. Lisa Jackson’s video Savage, for instance, explores a number of themes such as grief, cultural dislocation and assimilation in just over five minutes solely through the use of images and music. Nonetheless, what transpires illicits a great deal of empathy for the characters, their families, and the indigenous peoples of Canada for whom they represent.

The opening of the exhibit coincided with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada National Event held in Vancouver from September 18-21. In the spirit of that occasion, the focus for this exhibit has been about dialogue and understanding, with a number of events and symposiums with the artists and representatives from First Nations communities to share their experience, knowledge and views with the public. Check out the schedule of events here for more information.