All posts by Isabeau Iqbal

Retrieval practice: 5 key messages from “Small Teaching”

I recently read “Small teaching: Everyday lessons from the science of learning,” an excellent book1 by Dr. James Lang. To help me remember what I read and as a way of sharing some key messages from the book with a broader audience, I have decided to write some blog posts on select concepts. This first post is about retrieval practice (see here for an entire site created by Dr. Agarwal and devoted to the topic).

“The more times any of us practice remembering something we are trying to learn, the more firmly we lodge it in our memories for the long term.” (Lang, 2016, p.20)

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5 Key Messages about Retrieval Practice from Small Teaching

  1. Students’ learning is enhanced when students are given opportunities to practice remembering.
  2. Give students multiple chances to practice remembering (i.e., frequency matters).
  3. As you design and select retrieval practices to give your students, make sure they are aligned with the high-stakes assessments you will be giving during the course. For example, if your students’ final exam (accounting for a significant portion of their marks) involves multiple choice questions (MCQs), make sure you give in-class retrieval practices that allow students to practice MCQs.
  4. When possible, use retrieval practices that involve writing and not only on oral practice. The former enhances learning and also means that everyone has to participate.
  5. If you are asking a retrieval question during class, remind your students not to look for an answer in their notes or textbook. When students draw information from their brain, this helps their long-term retention.

For more information on the science of learning and a host of ideas on how to implement small teaching, get the book!

You can also read posts on small teaching by James Lang here:

Footnote 1. Why do I think this book is excellent? Because:

  • This book is well written (key ideas are clearly communicated; his writing is tight and accessible; he makes good use of story telling, plus he manages to weave in humour).
  • Research based. Lang draws on relevant research studies to make a case for why the concepts he writes about matter to teaching and learning.
  • Loads of practical ideas.

Reference: Lang, J. (2016). Small teaching: Everyday lessons from the science of learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Photo credit: Ben Francis, Creative Commons. https://flic.kr/p/8vLYT5

Helpful coaching questions

Eagle

I recently listened to an excellent conversation between Michael Bungay Stanier and David Stachowiak on the Coaching for Leaders podcast. The theme of the episode was “These coaching questions get results” and, at the end, Michael invited listeners to reflect on how they might use the information. I’m taking him up on the invitation.

As you might know from reading some of my previous posts, I am keenly interested in exploring the ‘helping role’ of educational developers.  Michael talked about coaching as helping people learn versus teaching them. I liked that distinction. I recognize, however, that as an educational developer, I do both; yet, when in ‘coaching’ mode, I need to remind myself where to focus.

Bungay Stanier also talked about the power of questions and the importance of asking good questions (remember to wait, he reminds us). These are some questions I especially liked and will use/continue using:

  • “what is on your mind?”
    • I like this one because it leaves the response open and doesn’t assume the conversation is going to be focussed on topic A/problem B.
  • “and what else?”
    • I like this question because it allows the conversation partners to go deeper, but doesn’t assume a particular direction

And I chuckled when Bungay Stanier said :

A statement that starts with “Have you considered….?” is really just ‘advice disguised as a question’!

Yikes! That is one change I’m going to make!

Finally, he suggested incorporating the following into a coaching conversation:

  • What was most valuable about our conversation?

I haven’t been using that question when I coach/help because I feel some discomfort about doing so (mainly around worrying that I’m looking for compliments). But others have used it ‘on me’ and I’ve typically appreciated the opportunity to reflect on–and solidify–what has been most useful. I’m going to try it out.

 

Educational developer skills, knowledge and competencies

Lavender Field (Beauty of Simplicity)
Over the past few days, I have re-read a few texts that address the skills, knowledge and competencies of educational developers. (The texts are listed at the bottom of this page).

Rather than re-hash the details here (and because I can’t reproduce the useful [copyrighted] visuals), I want to point you to specific sections of these resources as they are useful for helping educational developers articulate, assess and reflect on the skills, knowledge and competencies that we bring to our work.

To see figures that visually depict competencies of entry-level, senior and director-level educational developers, go to pages 19, 20 and 21 of the McDonald, Kenny, Kustra, Dawson, Iqbal, Borin, & Chan (2016) publication (similar visuals are in the Dawson et al. paper).

For example, a look at Figure 3.2 on p.20 of the Educational Developer’s Portfolio Guide (McDonald et al., 2016) shows:

Senior Educational Developer: Competencies

Educator, Course Design, Instructional Strategies, Program Development Strategies, Educational Strategies

Senior Educational Developer: Skills, Abilities and Knowledge

Interpersonal skills, Conflict Resolution, Mediation, Diplomacy, Trust, Listening, Empathy, Educational Leadership, Self Reflection, Peer Mentor/Coach, Model, Consultation, Formal Education in Pedagogy, Organizational Behaviour, Literacy

(I am highlighting the senior level because this is where I position myself)

Want to rate/assess your own skills, knowledge and attributes? –> Go to Appendix C (pages 67 and 68) of the Educational Developer’s Portfolio.

To read more about skills, knowledge, competencies and threshold concepts in educational development, see:

And though I haven’t written directly about Dr. Julie Timmerman’s work in this post, her paper is excellent and well worth the read:

  • Timmermans, J. (2014).  Identifying threshold concepts in the careers of educational developers.  International Journal for Academic Development, 19, 305-371. doi:10.1080/1360144X.2014.895731

 

A FAILFaire in educational development

FAILFares are not about celebrating failures, but rather about providing ‘a space in which people can celebrate taking risks and the open and honest sharing of information …so that we could learn from these things.’  – (Trucano, 2011)

I recently read an interesting blog post, by Michael Trucano (@trucano), that described his experience of organizing and hosting a FAILFaire for the World Bank. It got me thinking about the application of this concept to educational development. 

A FAILFaire, I learned from the post, is an event that recognizes projects, within an organization, that have not worked: “the pilots that never got anywhere, the applications that are not delivering, the projects that are not having any measurable impact on the lives of people, and the cultural or technical problems that arise.”(MobileAction NGO, quoted in blog post). The philosophy driving FAILFaire initiatives is that sharing lessons about what doesn’t work can encourage people to be innovative and entrepreneurial because lack of results if a likely outcome of any innovation.

Trucano cautions that these events are not about celebrating failures, but rather about providing “a space in which people can celebrate taking risks and the open and honest sharing of information (even and especially about what doesn’t work or isn’t working) so that we could learn from these things.” 

He proposes that FAILFaires have two main objectives:

  1. to generate lessons learned from experience and determine how these may be useful to other colleagues working on similar projects;
  2. to encourage open dialogue among colleagues about how to respond to professional challenges, in the hopes of addressing these more productively.

In his blog post, Trucano shares seven ground rules for presenters and also offers other practical suggestions and lessons learned from his own experience.

Possible Applications to Educational Development

Within our educational development community, I see many applications. Keeping the two overall objectives in mind (above), FAILFaire events could include:

  • A FAILFaire within your Centre for centre staff only
  • A FAILFaire at a conference (i.e. lessons learned from educational development lessons or learned in SoTL research design or implementation)
  • Help a receptive department or Faculty organize a FAILFaire in which faculty members and other instructors share lessons learned from their teaching and learning failures (if you manage this, please let me know!)
  • Encourage those you work with to reflect on lessons learned from risks they took in teaching or educational development
  • If you blog or do podcasts, consider sharing an educational development or teaching failure and what you have learnt from it (I’m going to hold myself accountable to doing this in the next few months).
  • And/or, as University of Waterloo’s Centre for Teaching Excellence has done, make it the theme of your annual teaching and learning conference (for 2016, this CTE has made the theme “Learning from Challenge and Failure” — well done Julie Timmermans and colleagues!)

Why bother? Because:

Only if we understand what doesn’t work in this field, can we collectively learn and get better.* 

 

*FastCo article “How FAILFaire Turns Epic Fails Into Successes”

Thank you to the lovely Dr. Julie Timmermans for the conversations that inspired this post.

 

Educational developer’s portfolio

Educational developer’s portfolio: Resources for creating your own

For the past two years, I have had the pleasure of collaborating with a dynamo group of educational developers on the Educational Developer’s Portfolio*. This initiative allowed me to take my interests and experience in the area of teaching portfolios, and apply it to educational development. Good stuff!

The authors of that Guide are delighted to be able to share this free downloadable resource with our community!

Also, Judy Chan and I recently offered a webinar on the Educational Developer’s portfolio for the Educational Developers Caucus. Below are some resources that might be of interest:

Additional resources can be found on WikiPODia, from the conference session that Jeanette McDonald, Debra Dawson, Erika Kustra, Judy  Chan and I co-facilitated (Natasha Kenny and Paola Borin collaborated to plan the session but were not able to make it to POD 2015 ).

Resources from POD include, but are not limited to:

  • framework for aligning a portfolio.
  • worksheet for beginning to develop a section of your educational developer’s portfolio (‘workshops facilitated’)

And, for those who like to see samples, here are portfolios Judy and I showed and talked about during the webinar:

Celebrating the ED GuidePhoto: taken by Jeanette McDonald. Cake made in honour of first EDC Guide (ours!) in the Series.

 

*”An educational developer’s portfolio is a tool used to articulate, reflect upon, and provide evidence of an educational developer’s beliefs, values, ethical principles, practices, approaches, development, and impact.” (McDonald et al., 2016, p.12)

 

Guide reference:

McDonald, J., Kenny, N., Kustra, E., Dawson, D., Iqbal, I., Borin, P., & Chan, J. (2016). Educational Development Guide Series: No. 1. The Educational Developer’s Portfolio. Ottawa, Canada: Educational Developers Caucus. Download here.

For more information about the EDC Guide Series, see here.