Tag Archives: technology

Blue Light – A Propagated Myth!

Unsplash Photo by Lukas Blaskevicius (Editorial, Technology) Unsplash

Device users are not a risk of eye damage due to blue light emitted from their devices, but they may be at risk of poorer sleep.

In 2019, Director Dr. David Ramsey of Ophthalmic Research at Lahey Massachusets Hospital and his study maintained that “many retail stores have ambient illumination twice as great…as [ones] iPhone, [and that] the sun yields illumination ten times greater!”

Light sources such as incandescence (light bulbs) and LEDs emit a broad spectrum of light, namely 400 to 700 nanometers (nm). Blue light is in the 400 to 450 nm range, carrying more energy than red light, raising concern.

Our retinas regularly absorb blue light emitted by the sun. For roughly 300,000 years, humans have sustained minor to no retinal damage: if it were damaging, we would have evolved optically blind.

Device intensities are much less than the sun and are regulated by manufacturers using light filters.

In 2019, CBC News conducted a Marketplace undercover investigation to debunk the concerns. In addition, Dr. SUNIR J. GARG, American Board Ophthalmologist and clinical researcher, addressed the myth.

“Why you don’t need blue light lenses: Hidden camera investigation (Marketplace)” A 2019 CBC Interview with Dr. SUNIR J. GARG, American Board Ophthalmologist, about why blue light glasses are unnecessary. Youtube

However, in the Harvard study, Dr. Ramsey adds that using devices late at night mimics sunlight, restraining melatonin production, a sleep-inducing hormone. This stimulates your circadian clock (your body’s 24-hour sleep clock), tending to delay your sleep cycles, disrupting your sleep, and increasing drowsiness the following morning.

By stopping use of electronic devices 30 minutes before bed, you can increase REM (deep-stage sleep), reduce morning drowsiness, and maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, which in itself has its own benefits.

In short, research before propagating a supposed “scientific claim” and reduce your screen time before bed.

~ Octavian Turner

A green future for ammonia

Chemists from the University of California, Berkley (UCB) have designed a new material that could reduce the energy requirements of the Haber-Bosch process. The group hopes their research, published January 11th 2023, will conserve energy and lead to a “greener” future for ammonia and fertilizer production.

Current infrastructure needed to maintain the pressure and temperature required for the Haber-Bosch process source

The Haber-Bosch process has been the main method for producing ammonia since its invention over 100 years ago. It is widely considered one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20^th century. Yet, despite its important role producing ammonia for agricultural fertilizer, its industrial synthesis continues to be energy inefficient.

High temperatures and pressures are needed to produce ammonia which must then be extracted to be used. Conventionally, the reaction mixture is cooled from 500℃ to -20℃. This condenses the synthesized ammonia and separates it from the remaining chemicals. However, cooling the mixture while maintaining the pressure of 300 atmospheres accounts for a large proportion of the processes’ energy loss.

Benjamin Snyder, who leads the UCB research group, said it was this extraction step that his team sought to improve by “finding a material where you can capture and then release very large quantities of ammonia, ideally with a minimal input of energy”.

These requirements led the research group to create a metal-organic framework (MOF) material. The MOF had a crystal structure made from copper atoms linked to cyclohexane dicarboxylate molecules. The crystalline structure gave the material unique properties suited for its use in ammonia extraction.

Structure of the cyclohexane dicarboxylate molecule used to make the MOF source

When exposed to ammonia the material changes its structure from a rigid crystal to a loosely packed and porous polymer. The polymer form can readily store a large amount of ammonia within it which can then be released with cooling. The result is that ammonia can be extracted 195℃ above the temperature required by current methods and at half the pressure.

Not only would the MOF save energy in the extraction process but, interestingly, after releasing the ammonia “the polymer somehow weaves itself back into a three-dimensional framework” says Snyder. This mechanism, which is still being studied, allows the MOF to be used repeatably.

With the Haber-Bosch process using 1% of the world’s energy, the research done by Snyder and his group is an important step in producing a greener future for ammonia.

Blue Light – A Propagated Myth

Unsplash Photo by Ales Nesetril (Editorial, Technology)

Blue light from electronic devices does not damage the eyes, but it may damage your sleep.

The lie propagated is unfounded in science and was debunked. Those spreading it are misinformed and scientifically uneducated.

Light sources such as incandescence (light bulbs) and LEDs emit a broad spectrum of light, namely 380 to 700 nanometers (nm). Blue light is in the 400 – 450 nm range, carrying more energy compared to red light, which raises concern.

Our retinas regularly absorb blue light emitted by the sun, and for over 300,000 years has been the case and proven not to be damaging – otherwise, we would be blind.

In addition, device intensities are much less than the sun and are regulated by manufacturers using light filters.

According to Dr. Ramsey, a Havard Health Publishing Contributor, and Director of Ophthalmic Research at Lahey Massachusets Hospital, “many retail stores have ambient illumination twice as great…as your iPhone. [Yet] the sun yields illumination ten times greater!”

He also adds that using devices late at night mimics sunlight, restraining the production of melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone. This stimulates your circadian clock (your body’s 24 hr sleep clock), tending to delay your sleep cycles, disrupting your sleep, and increasing drowsiness the following morning.

By stopping using electronic devices 30 minutes before bed, you can increase REM (deep-stage sleep), reduce morning drowsiness, and maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, which in itself has its own benefits.

In short, do your own research before propagating a supposed “scientific claim,” and reduce your screen time before bed.

~ Octavian Turner