The Fujimori Legacy
The Fujimori Legacy: The Rise of Electoral Authoritarianism in Peru. Edited by Julio F. Carrión, Associate Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Delaware.
“The launch of the electoral campaign and the arrival of Peru’s ex-president Alberto Fujimori to neighboring Chile offers us the opportunity to reflect on the legacy of Fujimori’s 10-year administration. This is precisely the title of a book about to be published in the United States: The Fujimori Legacy, an exhaustive and entertaining analysis of the Fujimori years that focuses as much on the economic and political aspects of his presidency as the sociological and cultural. The thirteen authors, all from universities in the United State and Canada, know Peru well and have ample experience, primarily academic, with our country.” — Pedro Pablo Kucynski, Peruvian Prime Minister
“The Fujimori Legacy brings together a collection of insightful essays, which collectively document the steady rise of autocratic rule in Peru following the 1992 autogolpe and the ineffectiveness of oppositional actors and institutions in neutralizing this transition. By discussing the role of public opinion, the absence of political parties, state reform, military backing, corruption, and media collusion, among other things, the book sheds new light on the complex and contradictory dynamics of Fujimorismo. This book makes an important contribution to the scholarly understanding of authoritarianism in an era of widespread democratization.” — Moisés Arce, Lousiana State University
President Alberto Fujimori’s sudden resignation in November 2000 brought an end to a highly controversial period in Peruvian history. His meteoric rise to power in 1990 fueled by widespread popular support, followed by his decision to dissolve Congress and rule by decree in 1992, has made his regime a focus of special attention by scholars trying to understand this complex and contradictory presidency.
This book offers a comprehensive assessment of Fujimori’s regime in the context of Latin America’s struggle to consolidate democracy after years of authoritarian rule. Setting the regime conceptually in a discussion of alternative forms of government—delegative democracy, neopopulism, and electoral authoritarianism—the essays study it from two different perspectives: external (in its relations with political parties, Lima’s mayors, public opinion, women, the U.S. government) and internal (examining economic policies as determined by governing coalitions, networks of corruption, and Fujimori’s unsavory relationship with his security advisor Vladimiro Montesinos). Overall, The Fujimori Legacy helps illuminate the persistent obstacles that Latin American countries face in establishing democracy.
In addition to the editor, contributors are Robert Barr, Maxwell Cameron, Catherine Conaghan, Henry Dietz, Philip Mauceri, Cynthia McClintock, David Scott Palmer, Kenneth Roberts, Gregory Schmidt, John Sheahan, Kurt Weyland, and Carol Wise.
Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
Julio F. Carrión
1 The Rise and Decline of Fujimori’s Neopopulist Leadership
Kurt Weyland
2 An Authoritarian Presidency: How and Why Did Presidential Power Run Amok in Fujimori’s Peru?
Philip Mauceri
3 Fujimori and the Mayors of Lima, 1990–2001: The Impact and Legacy of Neopopulist Rule
Robert R. Barr and Henry Diet
4 Do Parties Matter? Lessons from the Fujimori Experience
Kenneth M. Roberts
5 The Immoral Economy of Fujimorismo
Catherine M. Conaghan
6 Public Opinion, Market Reforms, and Democracy in Fujimori’s Peru
Julio F. Carrión
7 All the President’s Women: Fujimori and Gender Equity in Peruvian Politics
Gregory D. Schmidt
8 Redirection of Peruvian Economic Strategy in the 1990s: Gains, Losses, and Clues for the Future
John Sheahan
9 Against the Odds: The Paradoxes of Peru’s Economic Recovery in the 1990s
Carol Wise
10 The Often Surprising Outcomes of Asymmetry in International Affairs: United States–Peru Relations in the 1990s
David Scott Palmer
11 Electoral Authoritarian Versus Partially Democratic Regimes: The Case of the Fujimori Government and the 2000 Elections
Cynthia McClintock
12 Endogenous Regime Breakdown: The Vladivideo and the Fall of Peru’s Fujimori
Maxwell A. Cameron
Conclusion: The Rise and Fall of Electoral Authoritarianism in Peru
Julio F. Carrión
Bibliography
Appendix. Peru, 1990–2000: A Basic Chronology
Contributors
Index
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Contributors:
Robert Barr is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Mary Washington. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Texas at Austin. Professor Barr has published numerous articles on populism and the politics of decentralization in Latin America. His current research concerns the sources and implications of contemporary political dissent.
Maxwell A. Cameron is Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, Canada. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley and specializes in comparative politics (Latin American) and international political economy. He authored Democracy and Authoritarianism in Peru and coedited The Making of Nafta: How the Deal Was Done, as well as many other books on similar subjects. Professor Cameron has published articles on democracy, trade liberalization, debt bargaining, and development. He is currently writing a book on democracies lacking checks and balances as manifested in Peru, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Russia.
Julio F. Carrión is an Associate Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Delaware. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh. Professor Carrión’s work focuses on the analysis of public opinion in Latin America. His research has been published in edited books as well as in Comparative Political Studies and other journals. He is currently working on a book project dealing with issues of public opinion and governability in the Central Andes.
Catherine M. Conaghan is Professor of Political Studies at Queen’s University, Canada. She received her Ph.D. from Yale University and specializes in Andean politics. Her books include Restructuring Domination: Industrialists and the State in Ecuador and Unsettling Statecraft: Democracy and Neoliberalism in the Central Andes. Her most recent book, Fujimori’s Peru: Deception in the Public Sphere, provides an extensive account of the Fujimori presidency.
Henry Dietz is Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin. Professor Dietz’s holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University, and his major areas of interest include Latin American politics, third-world urban politics, poverty and politics, comparative methodology, and survey research. He is the author or coauthor of many books, including Urban Poverty, Political Participation, and the State: Lima, Peru, 1970–1990. He is currently conducting research on the impact of socioeconomic inequality on democratic consolidation in Latin America.
Philip Mauceri is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Northern Iowa. He holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and his research interests include constitutional reform, presidential politics, ethnic conflict, and state-elite relations in the Andean region. Among his publications are Militares, insurgencia y democratizacion en el Peru, 1980–88 and State Under Siege: Policy Making and Development in Peru. He is also the coauthor of Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, and Reform, among other books.
Cynthia McClintock is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University. A foremost authority on Peruvian politics, Professor McClintock has authored and edited many books, including Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: El Salvador’s FMLN and Peru’s Shining Path. Professor McClintock was president of the Latin American Studies Association in 1994 and 1995. She was also a member of the American Political Science Association Council from 1998 to 2000.
David Scott Palmer is Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Boston University. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell University and specializes in the analysis of U.S.–Latin America relations. He served at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department as Chair for Latin American and Caribbean Studies and as a Dean of the School of Area Studies. Professor Palmer has published many scholarly articles on Latin America and Peru. His many books include The Shining Path of Peru.
Kenneth M. Roberts is Professor of Government at Cornell University. He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University and researches comparative politics with a focus on Latin America. He is the author of Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru and has published widely in the American Political Science Review, Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, World Politics, and International Security.
Gregory D. Schmidt is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Northern Illinois University. Since receiving his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1984, Professor Schmidt has published extensively on Peruvian politics and institutions. He has contributed chapters to various books and has published Donors and Decentralization in Developing Countries along with numerous articles in Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Studies in Comparative International Development, and the Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs.
John Sheahan is Professor Emeritus of Economics at Williams College. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. He was an economic analyst with the Marshall Plan, Paris, from 1951 to 1954, a teacher at Williams College from 1954 to 1994, and a visiting professor at El Colegio de Mexico from 1969 to 1970. His main research interests include international trade and development, with a concentration on Latin American development issues. He is the author of many books, including Searching for a Better Society: The Peruvian Economy from 1950.
Kurt Weyland is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He was a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center in 1999 and 2000 and a Visiting Fellow at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame. His publications include The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela as well as articles dealing with social policy, neoliberal reform, and populism in Latin America.
Carol Wise is an Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Southern California. Having received her Ph.D. from Columbia University, Professor Wise researches political economy issues as they relate to the development process in Latin America. She has written on trade integration, exchange rate politics, and the political economy of state reform in the region. Most of her research efforts within Latin America focus on Argentina, Mexico, and Peru. She is the author of Reinventing the State: Economic Strategy and Institutional Change in Peru, among numerous publications.