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Resources for Indigenizing and Decolonizing Education

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to action and the BC curriculum requires teachers to consider and incorporate Indigenous voice, issues, resources and perspectives in their teaching. Teachers in BC are also reminded that the 9th Professional Standard (link to BCTC Resource with full text) requires educators to authentically engage in decolonizing their practices. The video, Professional Standard 9 – Truth and Reconciliation, Moving Forward Together offers a moving call to action.

Educators respect and value the history of First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada and the impact of the past on the present and the future. Educators contribute towards truth, reconciliation and healing. Educators foster a deeper understanding of ways of knowing and being, histories and cultures of First Nations, Inuit and Métis.

The aftermath of the Summer 2020 anti-racism protests sparked an international conversation on the urgency of racial justice for Black, Indigenous and People of Colour, a conversation that continues today. As we reflect on how to be anti-racist and how to decolonize our societies, we must discuss the importance of education in achieving this. I believe that highlighting the histories and cultures of marginalized groups in the education system is essential to creating a truly anti-racist society. Finding resources to begin incorporating these ideas into classrooms can be daunting for many.

This post attempts to highlight a handful of Indigenous education-related resources that can help guide teachers in creating anti-racist lessons and activities that highlight the importance of reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. It is important to seek authentic, local resources and avoid ‘pan-Indigenous’ perspectives.

Resource Collections:

Curriculum Bundles have been assembled by Indigenous educators from around British Columbia, most of whom are students and graduates of the NITEP program.  Each bundle focuses on a particular skill, resource, or place, and connects with BC curriculum.

The UBC based website, https://indigenizinglearning.educ.ubc.ca/  includes well-curated resource links and information about ‘welcomes’ and ‘land acknowledgements’.

Indigenous educators are creating and openly sharing their resource collections:

Subject Specific Resources

At a glance documents representing implicit and explicit connections to each grade level and subject area are part of the Indigenous Education Resources shared by the BC Ministry of Education.  On their main page, you’ll also find videos and a Resource Inventory to help teachers incorporate First Peoples Knowledge and Perspectives.

English First Peoples

  • The FNESC Planning for Instruction, Grades 10-12 document (2018) is meant for English teachers (specifically for the course English First Peoples, but with some great ideas for any English teacher)

Physical Health Education

  • The BC Ministry of Ed has created a document to support incorporating FPPL in planning for PHE k-12. This document makes it quite clear that incorporating Indigenous knowledge and perspectives is implicit in the PHE curriculum across all grade levels (while also being explicit in PHE Outdoor Ed at the senior secondary level)

Cultural Maps:

Native Land is a website that maps out the ancestral lands of Indigenous peoples from

Here is a screen capture of a map of the territories of Indigenous groups in North America.

around the world. The main feature of the website is an interactive map that can filter the lands by linguistic groups, territories, and treaties. Another local BC website, The First People’s Map of BC, shares Indigenous language, art and heritage in an interactive format perfect for students seeking to learn more about local language and culture or connect with artists. You can even hear audio clips of native language speakers.

The Indigenous Ed team in SD61, Victoria shares a variety of maps in their Social Studies Resource area for Secondary teachers.

FNESC:

The First Nations Education Steering Committee, or FNESC, is an organization that advocates for the inclusion of Indigenous history and cultures into the curriculum as well as the well-being of Indigenous students in British Columbia. They offer a plethora of resources for teachers to make use of in classrooms, including lesson-planning documents across subject areas.

UBC Booklists:

The UBC Education Library booklists are available for educators and teacher candidates, offering an abundance of resources ranging from picture books to use in the classroom to lesson-planning guides. The library offers multiple booklists regarding Indigenous culture and history. These booklists cover topics such as residential schools, storytelling resources and literature written by Indigenous authors.

Puppets at Xwi7xwa:

In addition to their vast textual resources, the Xwi7xwa Library at UBC has a collection of puppets created by Indigenous artists to help engage students using storytelling. There are a variety of collections that can be borrowed from the library, including the “Grace the Eagle“, “Splash the Orca” and “Streamer the Salmon” collections.

Digital Stories:

Indigenous Storybooks (post en francais – Storybooks Autochtons) is a repository of free openly licensed online stories written by Indigenous peoples in Canada. Inspired by, and utilizing, the open-licensed stories from Little Cree Books, this project aims to make the text, images, and audio of stories available in Indigenous languages as well as English, French, and some of the most widely spoken immigrant and refugee languages of Canada.

Witness Blanket is a unique and striking digital collection. This large-scale work of art carries items and stories, accompanied by the voices of residential school survivors. The site also houses a Teacher’s guide that helps teachers build empathy with their students and develop a human rights culture in their classroom.

Strong Nations:

Strong Nations

Strong Nations is an online store and publishing house that sells authentic Indigenous-created art and literature. They are a BC-based organization, however they offer resources from Indigenous groups from all over Canada. One interesting resource that I found on Strong Nations is the “This Land is our Storybook” series, which is a series written from the perspective of Indigenous children living in the Northwest Territories.

As we navigate conversations surrounding anti-racism and reconciliation, we must continue this discussion in teacher education and in the education system more broadly. You may wish to visit SFU’s “Think before you Appropriate”  resource as you explore and learn. I hope you will explore the resources in this post so that you can begin this work in your own classroom.

 

Guest post by Naomi Hudson, Scarfe Sandbox Project Assistant and Virtual Peer Mentor, Winter 2020; edited by Yvonne Dawydiak, Winter 2022, Fall 2023.

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Professionalism Online: one educator to another

Communication is a large part of what teachers do and it is important that we consider how we communicate, what we communicate and with whom. We are in uncharted territory to some extent but there are norms around digitally enabled professional communication from which we can draw. The tips below are from one educator to another and drawn from my experience as a teacher (online and f2f), mentor (of peers and TCs) and graduate of the Masters of Educational Technology program.

WARNING: The following is a great deal of text! I’ve tried to be concise but clear and mindful that everyone is at different levels of understanding of the professional world of teaching (remote or otherwise). So apologies in advance. Over the next wee while I hope to capture some of the above in a video… for now… we’re ‘stuck’ with text. Maybe use a screen reader so you can just sit back and listen ;D (Yvonne)

With: students, parents, colleagues, principals, community members and the larger education community.
What: we communicate (or deliver) curriculum to students and, at the same time, we communicate about this curriculum and our assessment of students to students themselves, to parents and to specialist teachers and administration as needed. We call this ‘communicating student learning’ (or CSL). We communicate with and among colleagues, supervisors, mentors, families and with a professional learning community.
How:Professionally! Considering how we communicate is an imperative especially in today’s digitally enabled world.

Verbal and non-verbal Communication:

  • Considerations for synchronous communication via phone, web conference, sharing video or audio:
  • Where are you and what is visible in the room? If you can, try to not use your bedroom as home office. If you need to, that’s ok, but where possible consider where you camera is pointing and be aware of what the camera is seeing. Is the environment suitable? Neat and tidy? Remember, this is your virtual classroom.
  • Are you dressed and ready for teaching? It may seem a bit preachy mentioning this (so please forgive me!) – you are a teacher candidate on practicum and need to present a professional presence. This is part of developing your teacher presence (and something that is part of your evaluation of practicum). That said, comb your hair, dress presentably (even if you are just seated… you never know when you might stand up), do not eat or drink while teaching… imagine you are standing in front of the class, a typical expectation of a teacher candidate is that you wouldn’t stand there munching on a snack or drinking as you’re addressing the class/teaching.
  • What are you doing with your hands? Try to not touch your face, pick your teeth (or anything). If it helps, hold an object out of camera view to keep your hands occupied… this can also be an excellent support recommendation to your students! Are you looking at the camera? Are you trying to ‘multi-task’ while speaking with a student or students. Try not to do so if you can… the student will benefit from your full attention and will likely appreciate eye contact via video. (taking notes is completely acceptable and there may be times where you are doing something else such as looking for a link to send, referring a resource or book – I have found that it can be valuable and support connection when I’m clear and open with my students about what I am doing and why I am doing it.
  • Set or establish expectations for class conduct on web conference: you might prepare a set of guidelines that you are comfortable with but don’t think you need to simply present these to the students. Perhaps this is a good opportunity to co-create the virtual classroom guidelines with the students? (check with your SA of course – they may have already done this and wish you to follow the established procedures)
  • Model what you wish to see and hear from your students.

Written Communication:

  • Considerations for all writing including email, hand-outs, on-line learning materials,
  • Is your communication clear, concise, well-edited, free of grammatical or spelling errors, formatted to support ease of reading (chunking, bold, text features)?
  • Is your email address professional? If not, please create a new one. Ideally, use a school district email when available. If not, consider a UBC Alumni email or create a special email address for use during practicum.
  • Respond in a timely manner to all communications (including, but not limited to, SA, FA, Principal, school staff/support teachers, EA, families and students).
  • It is reasonable, acceptable and just good practice to establish what ‘timely’ looks like in your context. You do not need to be available 24/7 but you do need to communicate clearly when you are available and how to reach you. Many educators I know have a 24 hr response time as a typical practice. Again, this varies… I would suggest anything over 48 hrs is too long for professional response (unless there are extenuating circumstances that you have communicated in advance or using a voicemail or auto-reply on email).
  • Your availability, as a teacher, will typically be expected during the full school day including some time prior to and beyond the bell schedule. This will vary and be determined by many factors including: norms established between you and your SA for the ‘classroom’; needs of students in your class; your personal comfort; your own home situation (examples: I share a computer with a spouse or child and have regular access only at some times so I can be reached only by phone from 3 til 6; I am unavailable in the evenings but reachable from 8 until 6 by phone or email; …)
  • Consider batch checking email regularly rather than trying to stay on it all the time. Some people find batch checking alleviates anxiety and increases productivity.
  • When using your personal phone to communicate, you may wish to block your phone number – this may be required or suggested by your school – typically it is a personal decision (if you do block, you may need to alert families that you are doing so – so that they answer!)

Preparation:

Being prepared is a large part of creating an engaged learning environment and is at the core of classroom management.
When teaching face-to-face, we might be quite reflexive at times and feel we are able to respond and adjust in the moment. You’ll notice that teachers sometimes fall into a more relaxed practice in which we/they don’t pre-plan our instructions, guiding questions for discussion, groupings, etc. We might give somewhat vague instructions, scan the class and respond by reframing or supporting an individual. Online or remotely, this is much more difficult if not impossible. Instructions that aren’t carefully thought out will likely lead to student confusion and teacher (and parent) frustration. Online or remote teaching needs to be particularly well-planned and, typically, teachers teaching online prepare far more in advance and articulate their planning much more deliberately.

  • Provide clear, detailed and age appropriate material whenever possible. Consider audio or video taping a lesson, instructions or even a brief hook to support varied learners including emerging readers and language learners. Use key visuals, bullet points and avoid distracting elements such as decorative images.
  • Pre-plan questions for discussion, prompts, provocations especially for synchronous learning/web conferences or phone conferences.
  • When assigning video for students to watch or a podcast to listen to, provide a clear purpose and guiding questions or instructions (ex. As you watch this video, observe for X or ask yourself Y or consider Z; Pause the video at 1:50 seconds and consider X or notice Y). In remote learning, it generally does not work to say ‘watch the video’ and then expect students to share or demonstrate what was learned.
  • Pre-plan groupings in advance of synchronous web conferences or, where appropriate, use the ‘random groupings’ feature of most systems (i.e. zoom will auto generate groups). PRO-TIP: Note that you can’t set up the groupings in most web/video conference platforms until the conference is populated with your students (i.e. they are ‘in’ the conference room online). For this reason, have a list with groupings arranged ready to go. A Think/View then Pair/Share activity can work well… provide the students with the ‘thinking’ question or provocation or an image to view or a video link in the text chat that they can ‘go watch’ and, as they do so, you can start setting up your pre-prepared groupings. BEFORE sending students into the separate group conference rooms, be sure to explicitly let them know that you will pop in and pop out of their group rooms, ensure they are aware of the task, expectation and expected outcome (i.e. return to the main room with X examples of Y) and also let them know that after X minutes, you will bring them back to the main room… Then, and only then, you launch the groupings and they will be in their own group rooms (that you will pop in and pop out of – going to those you believe will need you most first of course!)student to content engagement

    * additional resources to support remote teaching and learning

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Digital Communication: enlarging perspectives and sharing inquiry

Communication is a large part of what teachers do and it is important that we consider how we communicate, what we communicate and with whom.

  • With: students, parents colleagues, administrators, community members and the larger education community.
  • What: we communicate (or deliver) curriculum to students and, at the same time, we communicate about this curriculum and our assessment of students to students themselves, to parents and to specialist teachers and administration as needed. We call this ‘communicating student learning’ (or CSL).
  • How: Professionally! Considering how we communicate is an imperative. Considering how we communicate in today’s digitally enabled world, I believe, is equally important.

Working with Dawn Allen and her EDUC 450 Inquiry classes provided an opportunity to consider professional communication from different standpoints. Dawn and I discussed how communication as a BEd student might look different from communication as an undergrad and definitely looks different from communication as a Teacher Candidate on practicum (and later, we hope, early career teacher).

To that end, we engaged students in a session we called “Professional and Practitioner Use of Blogs and Digital communication platforms” – a real mouthful but, really, more an opportunity to co-create our understandings through discussion about online communication and the potential value of developing a Professional Learning Network (PLN) and a professional online presence.

We looked at examples of how BEd students have shared their inquiry using various digital platforms including Twitter, Blogs, Tumblr, Instagram and even Facebook. As we looked, we discussed the inquiry process and how we evaluate digital technologies. Following this, students had the opportunity to work in groups to design their ideal class blog using copies of the existing cohort blog in UBC Blogs WordPress. Students took this opportunity to ‘play’ in wordpress and consider what kinds of design features they (or their own students) might want in a class blog. I appreciated the willingness of students to learn in a collaborative, playful way! Thank you!

Below are some resources from our session.

Some info and Brief video tutorials to help you if you decide to set up your own UBC Blog.

Inquiry posters from Trevor MacKenzie

The SAMR Model Video – evaluating our use of digital technology in the classroom.

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