A dog wearing a prong collar
Prong collars are made of a series of fang-shaped metal prongs with blunted points. A lead is attached to a control loop on the collar, which when pulled will tighten the collar causing the prongs to pinch the loose skin a dog’s neck.
Prong collar
A dog wearing a choke collar
Choke collars are made of metal links that attach to a lead via a control loop. When pulled, a choke chain will tighten around a dog’s neck, simulating strangulation: the a dog will feel pain followed by anxiety from the subjective sensation of breathing trouble (Grohmann et al. 2013).
Choke chain