Author Archives: aleonchu

DNA Discovers Sea Turtle’s Fidelity

There are many endangered species in our planet where some animals are becoming rarer due to many factors like habitat constraints or poaching. The Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is one of those animals with its population decreasing due to a many elements. Some of these include commercial exploitation, habitat loss and amazingly their monogamy is also to blame.

Their carapace is commercially valuable, which makes these turtles prime victims.
Photo Credits: Johan Chevalier

In an attempt to understand these turtles’ way of life underwater, scientists started analyzing their DNA and those of their offspring.

Female Hawksbills have the ability to carry sperm for up to 75 days in such a way that this accommodates for the long journey to shore where eggs are laid. Now, sea turtles in general are actually polygamous. This increases offspring diversity and it is very common to see a variety of fathers in offspring from the same nest since female turtles mate with many partners during mating season. That’s where Hawksbill Sea Turtles are different.

A nest of Hawksbill Turtles all from the same father due to monogamous mothers, unlike most other species of sea turtles in the world.
Credits: www.seaturtlenet.com

By DNA analysis it was concluded that a female Hawksbill only mates with one partner per mating season. Keeping in mind that a mating season comes every 2-4 years for a regular sea turtle, this is quite a commitment. This would not have been possible to conclude, however, from mere observation alone. Since sea turtles mate in the deep ocean, the only way to arise to this conclusion has been through DNA analysis. Further analysis, also concluded that female Hawksbills are also not selecting ‘better quality’ males to mate with either. 

Quite simply, DNA is the reason behind the story of a Hawksbill’s fidelity coming to light. To mate with a single male and not be selective, sounds like loyalty to me. In the Hawksbill’s case, this is not playing out to their favor though. A less diverse population of offspring means less chances of survival for the hatch-lings.

With the help of Dr. David Richardson (lead researcher in the turtle’s DNA analysis) having narrowed down times of mating, now conservationists will be able to draw their focuses on target times on the season and areas of nesting.

DNA analysis now has not only uncovered a possible reason for endangerment to a species, but now could also be its salvation.

Meet Angelina: Is Sci-Fi no longer fiction?

Our sci-fi movie industry makes intelligent machines seem a thing of the distant future, but that may not be so true after meeting Angelina. Michael Cook from Britain’s Imperial College in the Department of Computing has taken the first step towards creating an intelligent system that uses previous games to create an entirely new one. This field in the computing sciences is called Artificial Intelligence  or AI. Michael Cook’s system, named Angelina, falls right into this category as it allows a computer system to perform a task that would normally require a human programmer.

Michael Cook: PhD candidate from Imperial College who created Angelina.                   Credit: Micheal Cook

So is it true? Will machines be better workers at some of our jobs?

Not quite.

Angelina (or “A Novel Game-Evolving Labrat I’ve Named Angelina”) takes chunks of previously written code, examines their usability and applies them when required to a new program. The combination of borrowed code resulted in a fully running Christmas-themed video game called “A Puzzling Present” created by Angelina. Though ‘her’ ability to correct mistakes, analyze difficulty levels and reference previously written code is a powerful advancement in the field of technology, it does not substitute human programmers. Yet. Intriguingly, another feature Cook has been able to incorporate into his system Angelina, is the ability to identify a bug (a faulty piece of code) and turn it into a feature. This ability is now more than just copying and pasting or understanding how code works, this is now modifying for a purpose. This may not seem like much, but the ‘thought-process’ and learning is what counts.

A Puzzling Present: video game created by Angelina
Credits: Michael Cook

Angelina may not be up to the standards of the movie Eagle Eye yet, but her new features make this system a powerful asset and resource to our current technology. According to Cook’s predictions, Angelina will not be able to replace programmers, but rather aid them as an expert assistant.

2013 will shed light into new features of Angelina, as she is still a work in progress. To all the sci-fi movie lovers out there, keep in mind that fiction may now be onto something.

-Andrea LeonChu