Author Archives: shrestha mall

Do humans have superpowers? -Magnetoreception

What if you had a superpower? What would you want it to be? The ability to fly? Superhuman strength? Well, what if the ability was to tell which direction the sun would rise from without actually seeing the rise, or just finding your way back to camp when you get lost in the woods? Researchers from Caltech and the University of Tokyo have found evidence that humans can subconsciously detect changes in the Earth’s magnetic fields.

Although this study only suggests that the effects of changes in magnetic fields are detectable by our subconscious brain, they feel that this could open up the window for new research. Prof. Shinsuke Shimo, in a YouTube video with science communicator Derek Muller says, “This is just the first step to make sure that it’s not theoretically impossible that our ancestors might have utilized this ability for their navigation.”

 

Derek Muller from Veritasium takes the test of magnetoreception

The ability of an organism to detect magnetic fields to identify directions, altitude or location is known as Magnetoreception. Have you ever wondered how pigeons are always able to find their way home? Or how birds know which direction is south when they migrate? Evidence of magnetoreception has even been found in dogs that will usually sit in North-South direction while they poop.

Prof. Shimo also believes that this ability may potentially reside in modern humans. Not so long ago, Prof. Joseph Kirschvink of Caltech claimed that he had discovered magnetoreception in humans. A few years later, Kirschvink, along with Shimo and co have found evidence suggesting humans may potentially posses a superpower.

It is important to remember that as of this moment, humans are only capable to detecting changes in magnetic fields subconsciously in a state with no distractions from the surroundings. However, if we were able to study and bring this ability to the consciousness, we would not only be gaining a superpower but also making inroads into bringing other parts of subconsciousness into consciousness.

If you wish to learn more about magnetoreception, you can watch this short video by Science Magazine.

 

 

 

Artificial Intelligence: Should we be concerned?

Faster, efficient and predictable. These are some of the qualities that make a computer better than humans at computation and analysis of data. Ever since the first computer was made, the key difference between a human and computer has been intelligence. It is the reason humans use computers and not the other way around. However, if a computer were to have intelligence, to what extent would it affect humans? And on how large a scale?

The most common conception of artificial intelligence is a computer of superhuman intelligence capable of outthinking a human. In reality, most of this is true. Take for example a complex game like chess, a chess grandmaster cannot beat AlphaZeroGo (AI). AlphaZeroGo was beaten 100-0 by AlphaZero. OpenAI’s bot managed to beat the world’s top Dota(online multiplayer game) players in 1-v-1 games. It is on course to beating them in 5-v-5 games where the five on the computer’s side is really a one.

Why should this be concerning? Proffessionals in these games have spent thousands of hours practicing. The computer has only spent a few hundred, if not less. The computer does not have the rules of these games written in it’s code. It is allowed to form them; an act of intelligence. The computer can train tirelessly against itself to get better.

Sebastian Thrun
Attribution: World Economic Forum [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

The impact of artificial intelligence is not limited to games. Sebastian Thrun of Udacity (an online educational organization) and his colleagues have trained AI in various fields. One of them is an AI that drives car autonomously. This was done in a span of 3 months. Dermatologists train for several years to get proficient at identifying skin cancer. In late 2017, one of the world’s top dermatologists was looked at a mole on a patient’s skin and deduced that it was not cancer. To back their diagnosis, they used Thrun’s AI (different from self driving AI) through their phone which concluded that it was skin cancer. A biopsy revealed an aggressive form of melanoma. Link

Elon Musk
Attribution: Steve Jurvetson [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Why would this be a cause for concern? Elon Musk has been heavily involved in the field of artificial intelligence and he has been recorded stating his concerns about AI on multiple occassions. He has claimed that AI is more dangerous than nuclear weapons. Link Why do some share this concern while others do not? This can be answered by explaining what AI is and what it is not.

AI is most cases deals with a specialized domain. It is trained through a process called Deep Learning. It can be trained to get better than humans, but at specific tasks. For example, Thrun’s self driving AI cannot control a motorcyle on the same road or beat someone at Chess. An AI proficient in multiple domains does not exist at this time. Moreover, there is no governing body to monitor the fabrication of AI.

In conclusion, better communication of science behind AI can help curb the concerns over it and hopefully lead to formation of a body of governance.

This video describes the common misconceptions about artificial intelligence.
Attribution: TED Talks, via YouTube

https://youtu.be/B-Osn1gMNtw

Elon Musk is seen here expressing his concerns about AI.
Attribution: SXSW, via YouTube