Author Archives: Alexandra Ensing

To Sip Or To Not Sip? The Benefits of Coffee on Health

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

After water, coffee is the most popular beverage consumed worldwide. There are countless reasons that people consume coffee on a day-to-day basis. Many people drink it to stay awake during a long day. Some people drink it in the morning to wake themselves up. According to the National Coffee Association, in 2012 over 64% of U.S. adults over the age of 18, regularly drank coffee. Many people wonder if this number is something to worry about – what kind of effect does coffee have on our overall health? Luckily for all those coffee drinkers out there, there are numerous health benefits for drinking that morning cup of joe.

In a recent study, coffee has been found to have a positive effect on Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder caused by progressive impairment of neurons in the brain, usually occurring in the aging population. When these neurons function normally, they produce dopamine; a transmitter that serves as a messenger between parts of the brain. This lack of dopamine seen in Parkinson’s disease causes poor coordination and muscle motion, ultimately leading to loss of control of body movements. The caffeine in coffee helps prevent the dopamine deficits that are characteristic of Parkinson’s. Therefore a higher intake of coffee is associated with a lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease.

Both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Effect the Aging Population Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Effect the Aging Population
Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

According to this same study, coffee may prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease as well. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of brain disorder that causes problems with behavior and memory, occurring more frequently in the aging population and those with damaged neurons in the brain. A component of coffee beans called Trigonelline showed regeneration of nerves in the brain, significantly improving memory in Alzheimer’s patients. To be clear, coffee consumption does not cause a decline in the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, it is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s, and a reduction of some of the common symptoms of Alzheimer’s patients.

Additionally, another study showed that coffee drinking is inversely associated with mortality, meaning coffee consumption is associated with living a longer life. A comparison was done between men who drink coffee and men who don’t, and it was seen that coffee drinkers had a 10% lower risk of death. When comparing females, a 15% lower risk of death was seen in those drinking coffee. Coffee consumption was also found to be inversely related to major causes of death such as heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, diabetes and infections.

These studies have shown that coffee consumption has an inverse relationship with death and disease of many causes. All in all, coffee is surprisingly found to have an overall positive effect on people’s health. So welcome that morning coffee, and know that it is having a positive effect on your health!

Check out this video on the positive effects of coffee!

YouTube Video Courtesy of: Natural Foods Diet

Posted by: Alex Ensing

 

Comfort Food: Fact or Myth?

When we are having a bad day – whether it be from getting a bad grade, or from going through a rough breakup – many of us turn to some sort of favorite food;  a comfort food. Some of us love ice cream, some of us want chocolate, or salty foods like chips. When people are in negative moods they seek these comfort foods because they believe these foods will help improve their mood. Do comfort foods actually help improve mood, or is the idea of comfort foods just a myth?

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Recent studies have looked into whether or not comfort foods actually have the ability to positively impact people’s moods.

One study suggests that consuming high-carbohydrate and high-fat foods produces improved moods for a very short period of time (normally just for a few minutes).

In another study, participants were first asked to complete an online questionnaire to specify their favorite comfort foods. Chocolate was the most common favorite comfort food, followed by ice cream, cookies and then brownies.

Following this questionnaire, participants were asked to watch films that induced a negative mood, and then were given comfort food (ex. chocolate, ice cream, cookies, or brownies). A week later participants were asked to watch another film that induced a negative mood, and then were served an equally liked non-comfort food (ex. almonds, cashews, or popcorn), a neutrally liked food, or no food at all.

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Image Courtesy of: Flickr Commons

Their short-term mood changes were measured using a questionnaire that consisted of mood words (ex. anxious, sad, happy), which participants were asked to rate their current emotional state on a scale from 1 (very slightly/not at all) to 5 (extremely).
Unfortunately for comfort food believers such as myself, these studies found that comfort foods did cause improvements in mood, but to the same extent that other foods or absence of food can cause. In other words, comfort foods improve moods to the same extent that any type of food, or no food at all can. The improvement in mood thought to be caused by comfort foods seems to be caused by negative moods naturally disappearing over time.

So next time you are in a bad mood and thinking about grabbing a chocolate bar, try grabbing something healthier instead! An apple and a chocolate bar will have the same effect on your mood, and the apple will keep you healthy as well!

Check out this video for a summary on the findings of the second study:

YouTube video courtesy of: DNews

Posted by: Alex Ensing

The Mystery Of How The Zebra Got Its Stripes

Why is the sky blue? Why did the cheetah get all the speed? Why do zebras have stripes? These are all questions that we wonder about the world around us. Fortunately scientists are working on answers in regards to zebras and their magnificent stripes.

In the plains of Africa, striping varies regionally. In some areas zebras have thick black and white striping covering their entire body, while in other areas zebras have thin stripes, with some parts of the body having no striping at all. In the past, many ideas have been developed to explain why zebras have stripes and to explain the variation in their stripes. Perhaps their stripes make it difficult for predators to predict their size and speed, therefore protecting them from capture. Perhaps the stripes cause an optical illusion that confuses biting flies in their habitat. Perhaps their stripes evolved for thermoregulation (the process of cooling and heating the body to the correct temperature) or social unity.

Predicted levels of stripe thickness on hind leg (left) and torso stripe definition (right). Image Courtesy of: Royal Society Publishing

Predicted levels of stripe thickness on hind leg (left) and torso stripe definition (right).
Image Courtesy of: Royal Society Publishing

Recent studies have found that the amount of striping on a zebra, and the intensity of that striping can be predicted by the temperature of the environment these zebras are living in. In hotter, drier areas, zebras have thicker stripes. Thinner stripes are seen farther from the tropics, in
slightly cooler areas. This pattern was seen on the torso, with the legs being a bit harder to predict.

This finding supports the thermoregulation hypothesis that states the thicker the stripes on the zebra, the more the heat difference between the black and white stripes. This causes eddies of air that have a cooling effect on the zebra’s body temperature.

Image Courtesy of: Wikimedia Commons

Additionally, a non-contact thermometer gun was used to compare the surface body temperature of zebras with herbivores of approximately the same size in the same area. This non-contact thermometer gun is simply pointed at the animal, and then it takes a reading of the infrared energy emitted by the animal and the animal’s temperature can be determined. It was found that zebras had an average body temperature of 29.2◦C, which was significantly lower than herbivores of the same size with a body temperature of 32.5◦C.

This relationship between temperature and striping patterns on zebras gets us one step closer to determining the functionality of zebra stripes. However, the cause of the correlation between temperature and striping patterns is still not fully understood and further investigation is needed.

Posted by: Alex Ensing