Module I Quiz 1 Module I Quiz 1 Quiz Description: The following self-test quiz is designed to check your understanding of important learning concepts for this module. The quiz contains 12 multiple choice questions. There is no time limit for you to take the quiz and you may attempt to take it as many times as you like. After you click the Submit button, you will see your Grade, number of Correct Answers, your answers, and the Answer Key for each question. Quiz Instructions: While you are taking the quiz, we advise you not referring to any course materials. After you Submit your answers, you may self reflect the missing points, review relevant contents as necessary, and retake the quiz again until you get the full points. An even-aged stand is defined as one where:*the canopy trees all started growth in approximately the same yearthe canopy trees originate after a stand-destroying disturbancecolonizing trees may take up to 10 years to fill the available space, but as the stand develops its age range narrowsthe stand develops through a well-recognized sequence of stages, with a good chance that the stand becomes more mixed-age as they developall of the aboveMixed-age stands are characterized by:*a wide range of age-classes from old trees to saplings that are intermixedthe tendency to form a mosaic of even-aged groups at the scale of one or two canopy treesrelatively constant gap-formation, in which gaps formed through the loss of canopy trees or major crown branches are filled by groups of saplingsgroups of saplings regenerating in gaps in such a way that only 1 or 2 trees become established in the canopy, achieving a nearly 1:1 replacement of the original gap-forming treeall of the aboveIn the absence of catastrophic disturbance, an even-aged stand:*eventually becomes mixed-aged, a stage described as "shifting-mosaic steady-state" or "old-growth"is eventually replaced by a suite of different species capable of under-canopy regenerationbreaks up in to a range of different age classes of the existing canopy speciesdies out and is usually succeeded by a grass or shrublandall of the aboveEpicormic buds are:*cells within the cambium from which new shoots may arisecells at the apical meristem that produce new shootsfound only in xylem tissuerestricted to cormic species in fire-prone environmentsdropped from trees during drought as a survival mechanismWhich are the main wavelengths of radiation emitted by the sun?*long-wave radiationcosmic raysradio wavesshort-wave radiationinfra-red radiationThe concentration of CO2 in the world’s atmosphere in AD 2000 was approximately 370 ppm by volume. In AD 1800 the concentration was approximately:*negligiblebetween 100 and 150 ppmbetween 260 and 280 ppmbetween 300 and 330 ppmbetween 350 and 400 ppmA mature forest ecosystem in a stable environment:*neither emits nor absorbs CO2 over the course of an average year because uptake is equal to emissionabsorbs more CO2 by photosynthesis than it emits by respirationis a net emitter of CO2 owing to tree death and decompositionis an insignificant store of carbon because the rate of photosynthesis is so lowhas a much greater annual rate of storage of carbon than a younger forestWhich one of the following five statements most accurately and completely describes the autotrophic mode of nutrition of (green) plants?*plants are capable of photosynthesisplants manufacture carbohydrates using the reactions of photosynthesisplants are capable of transforming the radiant energy of sunlight to that in the products of photosynthesisthe organic compounds within plant biomass are formed from the inorganic compounds of CO2 and waterplants synthesise complex organic compounds, including carbohydrates and proteins, using simple CO2, water and soil minerals, such as nitrate and ammonium ionsNet primary production of an ecosystem is:*the rate of accumulation of biomassthe gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit timethe gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit time minus the rate of night-time respirationthat part of gross photosynthesis that is not respired by the plant and is available to all the dependent heterotrophs of the ecosystemthe gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit time minus the rate of photorespirationNet primary production is measured in units of grams of carbon per m2 per year (i.e. g C m2 year-1). Most of the published data refers to aboveground NPP; bearing this in mind identify which of the following statements is not true?*tropical rainforests in seasonal environments achieve up to 1,600 g C m2 year-1tropical rainforests in warm and wet environments achieve NPP of up to 2,200 g C m2 year-1forests of the temperate zone achieve aboveground NPP of between 400 and 800 g C m2 year-1despite a short growing season, boreal forest aboveground NPP can reach around 1000 g C m2 year-1woodlands can achieve aboveground NPP in the range 200 to 700 g C m2 year-1The largest reservoir of carbon is the:*soilatmosphereoceanvegetationsedimentary rocksOrgansims that capture radiant energy in the form of organic compounds are known as:*photo heterotrophsprimary consumersprimary autotrophsphotovoresphoto autotrophs Δ
