Module I Quiz 1

Quiz Description:

The following self-test quiz is designed to check your understanding of important learning concepts for this module. The quiz contains 12 multiple choice questions. There is no time limit for you to take the quiz and you may attempt to take it as many times as you like. After you click the Submit button, you will see your Grade, number of Correct Answers, your answers, and the Answer Key for each question.

Quiz Instructions:

While you are taking the quiz, we advise you not referring to any course materials. After you Submit your answers, you may self reflect the missing points, review relevant contents as necessary, and retake the quiz again until you get the full points.

An even-aged stand is defined as one where:*
- the canopy trees all started growth in approximately the same year
- the canopy trees originate after a stand-destroying disturbance
- colonizing trees may take up to 10 years to fill the available space, but as the stand develops its age range narrows
- the stand develops through a well-recognized sequence of stages, with a good chance that the stand becomes more mixed-age as they develop
- all of the above
Mixed-age stands are characterized by:*
- a wide range of age-classes from old trees to saplings that are intermixed
- the tendency to form a mosaic of even-aged groups at the scale of one or two canopy trees
- relatively constant gap-formation, in which gaps formed through the loss of canopy trees or major crown branches are filled by groups of saplings
- groups of saplings regenerating in gaps in such a way that only 1 or 2 trees become established in the canopy, achieving a nearly 1:1 replacement of the original gap-forming tree
- all of the above
In the absence of catastrophic disturbance, an even-aged stand:*
- eventually becomes mixed-aged, a stage described as "shifting-mosaic steady-state" or "old-growth"
- is eventually replaced by a suite of different species capable of under-canopy regeneration
- breaks up in to a range of different age classes of the existing canopy species
- dies out and is usually succeeded by a grass or shrubland
- all of the above
Epicormic buds are:*
- cells within the cambium from which new shoots may arise
- cells at the apical meristem that produce new shoots
- found only in xylem tissue
- restricted to cormic species in fire-prone environments
- dropped from trees during drought as a survival mechanism
Which are the main wavelengths of radiation emitted by the sun?*
- long-wave radiation
- cosmic rays
- radio waves
- short-wave radiation
- infra-red radiation
The concentration of CO2 in the world’s atmosphere in AD 2000 was approximately 370 ppm by volume. In AD 1800 the concentration was approximately:*
- negligible
- between 100 and 150 ppm
- between 260 and 280 ppm
- between 300 and 330 ppm
- between 350 and 400 ppm
A mature forest ecosystem in a stable environment:*
- neither emits nor absorbs CO2 over the course of an average year because uptake is equal to emission
- absorbs more CO2 by photosynthesis than it emits by respiration
- is a net emitter of CO2 owing to tree death and decomposition
- is an insignificant store of carbon because the rate of photosynthesis is so low
- has a much greater annual rate of storage of carbon than a younger forest
Which one of the following five statements most accurately and completely describes the autotrophic mode of nutrition of (green) plants?*
- plants are capable of photosynthesis
- plants manufacture carbohydrates using the reactions of photosynthesis
- plants are capable of transforming the radiant energy of sunlight to that in the products of photosynthesis
- the organic compounds within plant biomass are formed from the inorganic compounds of CO2 and water
- plants synthesise complex organic compounds, including carbohydrates and proteins, using simple CO2, water and soil minerals, such as nitrate and ammonium ions
Net primary production of an ecosystem is:*
- the rate of accumulation of biomass
- the gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit time
- the gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit time minus the rate of night-time respiration
- that part of gross photosynthesis that is not respired by the plant and is available to all the dependent heterotrophs of the ecosystem
- the gross rate of uptake of CO2 per unit time minus the rate of photorespiration
Net primary production is measured in units of grams of carbon per m2 per year (i.e. g C m2 year-1). Most of the published data refers to aboveground NPP; bearing this in mind identify which of the following statements is not true?*
- tropical rainforests in seasonal environments achieve up to 1,600 g C m2 year-1
- tropical rainforests in warm and wet environments achieve NPP of up to 2,200 g C m2 year-1
- forests of the temperate zone achieve aboveground NPP of between 400 and 800 g C m2 year-1
- despite a short growing season, boreal forest aboveground NPP can reach around 1000 g C m2 year-1
- woodlands can achieve aboveground NPP in the range 200 to 700 g C m2 year-1
The largest reservoir of carbon is the:*
- soil
- atmosphere
- ocean
- vegetation
- sedimentary rocks
Organsims that capture radiant energy in the form of organic compounds are known as:*
- photo heterotrophs
- primary consumers
- primary autotrophs
- photovores
- photo autotrophs

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Module I

Module I Introduction
Module I Objectives
Topic 1: Forest Regeneration, Tree and Stand Growth
Topic 2: Forest Productivity – Carbon Cycle
Topic 3: Forest Productivity – Nutrient Cycles
Module I Summary
Module I Quiz 1
Module I Quiz 2

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