Module I Quiz 2 Module I Quiz 2 Quiz Description: The following self-test quiz is designed to check your understanding of important learning concepts for this module. The quiz contains 12 multiple choice questions. There is no time limit for you to take the quiz and you may attempt to take it as many times as you like. After you click the Submit button, you will see your Grade, number of Correct Answers, your answers, and the Answer Key for each question. Quiz Instructions: While you are taking the quiz, we advise you not referring to any course materials. After you Submit your answers, you may self reflect the missing points, review relevant contents as necessary, and retake the quiz again until you get the full points. Energy and carbon flow through an ecosystem starting with solar energy. Which of the following sequences shows the proper flow of energy through an ecosystem?*primary producers - consumers - decomposersconsumers - primary producers - decomposersautotrophs - decomposers - consumersprimary producers - heterotrophs - consumersdecomposers - autotrophs - consumersThe solar radiation least absorbed by the layers of the atmosphere before reaching Earth is:*visible lightradio wavesX raysultra violet rayscosmic raysCarbon cycles through the Earth system. During photosynthesis carbon is:*released from wood as carbon dioxide when wood is burnedbroken down and released from the remains of living organismsconverted by organisms from a gas to carbohydratesreleased by organisms as carbon dioxidedissolved in waterWhich of the following statements is true regarding the flow of matter and nutrients through an ecosystem?*matter and nutrients are constantly created and destroyedmatter and nutrients are recycled within and between ecosystemsA and Bnone of the aboveThe greater part (by volume) of the atmosphere is made up of:*nitrogenoxygenwater vaporcarbon dioxideozoneOne of the primary measures used in vegetation classification is projective foliage cover. It is defined as:*three-fifths the numerical value of crown coverthe proportion of the ground that would be shaded if the sunshine came from directly overhead (including branches and leaves, but not the gaps between)the proportion of the total leaf area compared to the total ground area in a precisely defined sample plota physiological measure of the efficiency with which the leaves of the dominant stratum utilise water and solar radiationthe relative proportion of the area of the dominant stratum compared with the area of the understorey stratum if the sun were directly overheadNutrient cycling is a good example of a paradigm in ecosystem ecology; our model of nutrient cycling involves three main cycles of nutrients:*return, uptake and internal redistributiondecomposition, uptake and internal redistributionleaching, uptake and returnreturn, inputs/outputs and uptakeinternal redistribution, uptake and litterfallPhosphorus and nitrogen are similar in plants in that they are both:*constituents of nucleic acidsmade available in the soil by bacterial fixation there from the atmospheremicronutrientstaken up by plants in cationic formleached in large quantities from the soilPlants rely on nutrients sourced from soil, some of which are required in relatively large amounts (macronutrients) and others in relatively small amounts (micronutrients). From the list below choose the statement which best describes the abundance of these nutrient elements in plants and in the lithosphere (from which soil is derived):*nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium are macronutrients that are trace elements in the lithosphereiron, boron and manganese are micronutrients that are trace elements in the lithospherecalcium, sulphur and potassium are macronutrients that are not trace elements in the lithospheresulphur and magnesium are macronutrients that are trace elements in the lithospherenitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur are macronutrients that are trace elements in the lithosphereSome plant nutrients occur in soil as cations (+ve charge), while others occur as anions (-ve charge); a few may be found in either form. The nature of the ion and its charge will, to a large extent, determine its mobility in soil, which in turn has consequences for nutrient movement and redistribution down through the soil. With this in mind choose the statement that accurately describes nutrient forms and mobility in soil:*phosphorus and potassium occur in soil only as anions that are tightly held by soil exchange surfaces, consequently there is little downward leaching of these elements in soilcalcium and magnesium occur as singly charged cations in soil that are usually held tightly by cation exchange surfaces, consequently there is little downward leaching of these elements in soilnitrogen occurs in soil as the cation ammonium which is generally not susceptible to leaching, and/or the anion nitrate which is easily leached through the soilanions of phosphorus and nitrogen are tightly held by sesquioxides in soil, consequently there is little downward leaching of these anions in soilphosphorus, calcium and magnesium are all immobile in soil because they are held by cation exchangeSoil minerals bearing trace elements:*weather too slowly to be of importance in releasing nutrients for plant growthare important reservoirs for these elements and release them slowly into solution as the mineral weathersare so rare in the highly weathered soils that they are considered irrelavant in nutrient managementare abundant in all soils but not important sources of nutrientsAs nutrients cycle through a forest ecosystem inorganic nutrients are released from organic combination for plant uptake by:*producersprimary consumersautotrophschemo heterotrophssecondary consumers Δ
