Author Archives: clforbes

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

Granny smith, gala, ambrosia… yummy. I’ve never really understood how people cannot like apples. They are so delicious, and can be eaten in such a nice variety of ways. Eat them right off the tree, put them in a salad, drown them in peanut butter, bake them in a pie, cover them in caramel… really, the list goes on and on. But besides the fact of being delicious, there are other reasons why I love this fruit.

Varieties of Apples

The saying “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” definitely holds some truth to it. There are many health benefits included in eating apples, and I’ll highlight a few of them. First of all, apples have been shown to be great for the heart. A recent study out of the University of Michigan found that rodents with identical diets, except for one also eating apples, had much different results with regards to blood pressure and overall heart function at the end of the study. The rodents who had apples added to their diets had lowered blood pressure, reduced cholesterol and also reduced oxidative stress.

A professor from Ohio State University briefly talking about the benefits that apples provide to the heart.

Another reason to eat apples is to help with the prevention of cancer. The American Institute for Cancer Research shows that from eating one apple, we receive 10 percent of our needed daily intake of fiber and vitamin C. From these specific nutrients, we help reduce the risk of getting such colon and esophageal cancers. They also mention that apples have phytochemicals, which play a role in cancer prevention. Phytochemicals are chemicals which benefit are health, but are not ranked high enough to be considered essential.

These are only a few of the perks when including apples in our diets. Don’t enjoy eating them raw? As I said earlier, this scrumptious fruit can be served in a variety of ways, such as hot apple cider, apple sauce, or  apple muffins.

Eat an apple a day– don’t delay!

Chelsea Forbes

Folic Acid Contributing to Healthy Prenatal Development

It can sometimes be a pain ,or easy to forget to take our vitamins. It is however very important to take vitamins in capsule form if we are not getting all the essential ones in our diet. This is especially true to all the women who are planning on having a baby, or are involved in activities which may result in becoming pregnant. Folic acid is a vitamin which is very important to consume in order to ensure healthy development of the unborn child.

What is folic acid exactly? It is a B vitamin which is produced by bacteria. A vitamin is a substance which is vital to the healthy functioning of the body but cannot be created in sufficient amounts by the body, or perhaps by the body at all. Folic acid is a vitamin which must be ingested, either through diet or through capsule. Dark coloured vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, also beans and lentils are example of foods which are rich in folic acid.

This is a short video explaining some of the benefits of folic acid, and what foods we can eat to incorporate it in our diets:
Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby: Folic Acid for Women

Okay, so now your plate is full of greens and beans… what good is this doing for the future child exactly? Folic acid contributes to development of the spine, skull and brain, which are self-explicably important to an individual’s daily function. In order to gain the maximum benefits of folic acid during pregnancy, it is a good idea to start incorporating it in the diet three months prior to the baby being conceived, and also the following three months.

What are some of the risks of becoming pregnant with a diet deficient in folic acid? As mentioned in the previous paragraph, folic acid is crucial to the development of the spine, skull and brain, so these areas specifically will suffer the consequences. Spina bifida, a condition where the spinal column doesn’t protect the spinal cord, and anencephaly, a condition where the brain does not develop, are two of the possible outcomes of a baby developing in a folic acid deficient environment.

Foods which are rich of folic acid

http://www.folicacid.ca/sites/default/files/image/greens.png

These are just a few of the benefits of consuming folic acid in our diets. There are many benefits which this vitamin provides, not related to a baby’s development. Folic acid is also linked to helping to maintain a healthy heart, and cancer prevention, among other things. So next time you hear someone bad mouthing broccoli, you can enlighten them with all the heroic qualities which these and other folic acid dense foods possess.

Chelsea Forbes

Cited Links:

http://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/folic-acid.cfm

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fa-af/index-eng.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acid

Video from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg2xqK0Zy5c

Beat the Heat

Love soaking up those rays? I think we all enjoy getting out in the sun, and taking advantage of all the activities that can go along with it. Some examples include water skiing, picnics, swimming, hiking, linking neighbouring thymine bases through direct covalent bonding… Not familiar with the last one? This is what can happen when our DNA absorbs UV light.

As nice as the glowing effects of prolonged sun exposure may be, the long term and microscopic effects certainly deserve attention too. The specific type of DNA mutation involved with UV light absorption is called induced mutation. This type of mutation is caused by either radiation or environmental chemicals. The specific mutagen of interest in this blog of course being of UV light radiation.

This is a woman who has stayed in the sun for too long, resulting in a sunburn.
Picture from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s9PEOgjLLxM/T8ZEo0B8VbI/AAAAAAAABRE/bHOFTS7lKtE/s1600/Sunburn-794174.gif

DNA typically has no direct covalently bonded base pairs, but as mentioned earlier, exposure to the sun can change this. A covalent bond is when atoms share electrons with one another. When two thymine bases within our DNA covalently bond, it causes complications when the DNA strand tries to replicate. This is bad since since it prevents the body from creating its natural DNA strands. However, since it is expected that we get out into the sun as a part of everyday life, the body possesses enzymes which attempt to solve the damaged DNA replicating problem.

After two thymines have covalently bonded, there are two mechanisms which help to ensure the no DNA mutation will result proceeding the replication process. Light repair and Dark repair can be put to work as long as only one of the two DNA strands has been affected by UV damage. In both cases, the damaged DNA strand will not be used in the replication, only the undamaged strand. These two mechanisms however cannot be employed if both DNA strands have been damaged.

In the worst case scenario, where neither Light repair or Dark repair are applicable, the SOS repair is applied. This will ultimately lead to mutations being produced, but at the same time send SOS response genes to attempt to repair the mutated DNA strands. This is done through insertions and deletions of nucleotides in efforts to restore the DNA strand to its healthy pre-damaged self.

This is the sun holding sunscreen, something we should all be wearing when the sun is shining.
Picture from: http://www.motherearthnews.com/uploadedImages/Blogs/Healthy_People,_Healthy_Planet/uvsafetymonth.jpg

Although there are efforts which can be made by the body to repair itself after being scorched by the sun, what should really hit home is that this causes harm non the less. So even if it makes us feel like bronzed babes at the time, remember all the repair work we’re setting our bodies out to do. Think long term, and help yourself out by wearing sunscreen, hats, and reducing prolonged UV light exposure.

Chelsea Forbes

References:

SOS Response retrieved on September 30 2012
URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS_response

(2012). MICB 201: Introductory Environmental Microbiology. Vancouver: Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of British Columbia

Ralph H. Petrucci, William S. Harwood, F. Geoffrey Herring, and Jeffery D. Madura. (2007). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications, Ninth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.