Tag Archives: Health

Peanut Allergies May Be a Thing of the Past

Currently, roughly 2% of Canadian children are allergic to peanuts. Symptoms of children who are allergic to peanuts can range from redness and irritation of the skin to swelling and shortness of breath, which in extreme cases can lead to life-threatening circumstances requiring immediate medical attention.

Carter Grodi is one of the many children allergic to peanuts who has had to bring his own cupcake to birthday parties, had to learn to read food labels and turned 15 without once tasting a Kit Kat or Twix.

Figure 1. A few of the many products containing peanuts. Used with permission, © 2018 The New York Times

However, at the age of 16, Carter was able to taste the wonders of Kit Kat’s and Twix’s without having an allergic reaction. Carter had recently completed a yearlong clinical trial of oral immunotherapy where he was gradually exposed to increasing amounts of peanuts in hopes of reducing his sensitivity to peanuts.

This new drug, named AR101, was created by Aimmune Therapeutics. The active ingredient in AR101 is surprisingly peanut flour. The peanut flour is carefully measured and packaged into capsules which can be opened so that the peanut flour can be added into foods and consumed. Dr. Vickery, lead scientist of the study, said, “This trial has generated the highest quality evidence to date about whether oral immunotherapy works and how safe it is.”

The treatment itself can cause allergic reactions among participants. However, participants who complete the clinical trial are better able to handle an accidental exposure to peanuts. “You exchange that uncertain, unpredictable risk of having an accidental reaction that spirals out of control for these . . . mostly mild or moderate symptoms, that are manageable for most patients,” Dr. Vickery said.

The goal of this treatment is not to cure the allergy but instead to lower the risk that an accidental exposure to peanuts will cause a life-threatening reaction. Thus, allowing children with peanut allergies and their families to live without fear and anxiety of an accidental encounter with peanuts which could potentially lead to harm, or in worse cases, death.

This treatment has been life changing for Carter, who continues to eat small amounts of peanuts to maintain his low-level tolerance. He said, “I can go sit in a place another kid was the day before and not have to wipe off the desk, and not worry about what my friends are eating around me.” He then mentioned, “To me, a peanut was like a weapon, like you have a gun to your head and you could have the trigger pulled any time. There’s not really that gun anymore.”

Figure 2. Carter Grodi at home in Florida with his mother, Carolee. Used with permission, © 2018 The New York Times

AR101 has been named a breakthrough therapy. Plans are in motion for this drug to undergo priority review and to go through a quickened approval process. “It could be on the market by the end of 2019,” a spokeswoman said.

Trevor Shen

Does the Ketogenic Diet Really Work?

People nowadays are obsessed with the idea of being healthy; after all, who doesn’t want to feel good and look good at the same time? Besides exercising regularly and sticking to a proper sleeping schedule, the most important way to achieve this is to eat a balanced diet. However, there is no ultimate diet that works for everyone; a diet that may keep one person energized throughout the day while allowing them to look fit and strong might make someone else overweight or sick. Many diets gain and lose popularity throughout the years, but there is one diet that stands out, especially for athletes and people looking to lose weight: the ketogenic diet.

Guacamole recipe easy to make in serving dish

Guacamole is a dip made from avocados, which is a great source of healthy fats
(photo credit: Elise Bauer at simplyrecipes.com)

Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients in the food we eat and it is broken down into glucose and used as the body’s primary source of energy. However, in the keto diet, little or no carbs are consumed in order to force the body into ketosis (a metabolic state where the body starts to burn fat instead of carbs as a primary fuel source). Since carbs hold onto water and no carbs are being consumed, a person who starts keto will lose weight, most of which comes from the loss of water. It can also promote further weight loss because of intermittent fasting (eating only during a certain number of hours each day; during the fasting period, the body has no food calories to make energy and is forced to use fat reserves instead).

Interestingly, the ketogenic diet can also help children with epilepsy. As mentioned before, due to the lack of carbohydrates, the body is in ketosis because the liver converts fat into ketone bodies. In a study, researchers found that since there are more ketone bodies in the bloodstream, as well as a reduction in blood sugar, the chances of a seizure are greatly lowered.

However, there are some side effects and risks associated with the ketogenic diet. Not eating enough carbohydrates can cause hunger, which in turn causes headaches and fatigue. There may also be vitamin and mineral deficiencies as well as dehydration and constipation. In addition, children who use the keto diet for long periods of time may experience slow or stunted growth because they are not getting proper nutrition.

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Video of a Keto Breakfast Rollup Recipe
(credit: RuledMe on Youtube)

Lawrence Liang

Some People Say It’s Easy to Quit

 

Image Credit:
https://thedoctorweighsin.com/opioid-addiction-cancer-of-our-generation/

You’ve probably heard the news, or seen posts  online about the opioid crisis affecting Canada.  British Columbia (B.C.) is the hardest hit province with the death rate of 1, 399 people in 2017 according to CBC news, which is 974 more people than 2016, who have died because of the opioid crisis. If this nasty phenomenon is happening and almost all of the public is aware about it, including drug users, then what causes them to continue to put their life at risk and inject, snort, and ingest the drug into their body knowing the possibility they may die in the upcoming couple of hours?

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According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, opioid addiction is a chronic long-lasting condition that is characterized by a powerful and compulsive urge to use an opioid drug. Without the use of the drug the abuser will feel muscle pain, anxiety, diarrhea, and cramping. These symptoms are so extreme that they will force the user to obtain the drug because without it, life will be miserable. Therefore, the abuser has no option but to ingest the drug in order to feel “normal”.

Image result for cartoon diagram of opioid receptors

Image Credit: https://www.yahoo.com/news/this-is-your-brain-on-opioids-194212388.html

Thomas R. Kosten and Tony P. George explain that 0pioids travel in the bloodstream and as soon as they enter the body they attach to little proteins in the blood called mu. We can imagine mu to be small magnets floating in our blood; once the drug attaches to mu it becomes activated triggering our brain to produce feelings of pleasure. Most often we get these same feelings of pleasure through normal day-to-day activities such as eating and sex. There is a portion of our brain that remembers the pleasurable feelings and associates them with the circumstances and the environment that we experienced them. These memories are called conditioned associations, when we experience the same conditions such as re-encountering the same people, places, or things we want the drug to make up the missing puzzle piece.

Opioid withdrawal occurs because gradually overtime opioid receptors such as mu stop responding to smaller concentrations of natural hormones. There is an area of the brain called locus ceruleus (LC). The LC controls the normal day-to-day functions such as breathing, blood pressure, and wakefulness. When the opioid drug attaches to mu, it causes the LC to stop working, which results in low blood pressure, drowsiness, and slowed respiration. However, the LC is smart! It responds by increasing its power and returning the person to a normal state by fixing all the factors mentioned above. Therefore, when opioids are present the person feels normal however when opioids are not present, the LC is still working at its strongest power and the opioid-mu complex is not available to counteract it. This causes jitters, anxiety, muscle cramps, and diarrhea – which are the symptoms of withdrawal.

Therefore opioid addiction is understood as a medical disorder, similar to heart disease, diabetes, or mental illnesses. Next time you read about the opioid crisis in B.C. never assume that people can easily stop taking their drug. They need medical help in order to stop, and until the individuals suffering don’t get the help they need they will be living in danger.

Jasleen Jassal

 

 

 

 

Using Your Phone Right Before Bed May Cause Cancer

Credit: Shutterstock – New York Post Article
https://nypost.com/2016/06/24/using-your-iphone-in-bed-can-make-you-go-temporarily-blind/

An easy way to wind down right before bed usually involves picking up your cell phone, which then results in being stuck in an endless loop of memes. There’s a lot of studies out there that mention how using your phone right before you sleep can disrupt regular sleeping patterns, but what if I also told you the blue light you are exposed to from the screens, especially at night, may contribute to the increased risk of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity?

How Does Blue Light Affect our Sleep?

In this video, Dr. Dan Siegel, a professor of psychiatry from UCLA School of Medicine, explains how harmful the effects can be when using any sort of device with a blue light screen right before sleeping.

Video Created by: Science Insider

Dr. Siegel explains that looking at a phone screen is like having a stream of light particles telling your brain to stay awake. The light tells tells your brain to inhibit melatonin secretion (a hormone that controls your daily sleep-wake cycle) which helps you fall asleep at night. It is found that sleep is important for us because it allows our active neurons (a cell that carries electric impulses in the brain) to rest and brings in supportive cells to help clean out toxins that the neurons produce. Without this process, we would have awful memory, inability to function, and low energy throughout the day.

Research Study on Effects of Blue Light

A study from Harvard explained that blue light is actually very beneficial during daylight hours as it can increase your attention span, reaction times, and state of mind. But in contrast, it can trouble your sleep at night and possibly be a factor in increasing other health risks. There isn’t enough proof that blue light exposure at night is for sure the cause of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. But, what is known is that melatonin levels, when exposed to the blue light, may affect our 24-hour cycle, called the circadian rhythm, which is important in determining 0ur sleeping and eating patterns. The Harvard study conducted an experiment comparing the difference in melatonin levels when exposed to 6.5 hours of blue light to green light. The results showed melatonin suppression was twice as long from blue light than green light exposure, including shifting the circadian rhythm by twice as much. Blue light is a suppressor of melatonin, which evidence has shown that low levels of this hormone is found to be correlated with cancer.

Credit: Skye Gould/Tech Insider
https://www.businessinsider.com/how-smartphone-light-affects-your-brain-and-body-2015-9

The effects of blue light coming off our screens prior to sleeping are very serious! We’re all sometimes guilty of using our electronic devices before going to bed, but we should try to break this habit and finally listen to science!

 

 

Loretta Huang

Blog Post #2

The Blunt Truth of Marijuana: Health Effects of Use

Humans have used marijuana for medical remedies, religious purposes, or simply just to get high. Currently, marijuana is the most commonly used drug in Canada and on October 17, 2018 the use of it was legalized.

The popular belief seems to be that marijuana is a harmless pleasure, access to which should not be considered illegal or regulated.

Types of Marijuana

There are three different types of marijuana; Sativa, Indica and Hybrid. Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica were introduced in the 18th century.  Hybrids have been introduced only recently due to the breeding of the two plants.

This complex plant contains many different chemical compounds. The four major compounds are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (d-9-THC), Cannabidiol (CBD), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (d-8-THC) and Cannabinol (CBN). Sativa has a higher THC content while Indica has a higher CBD content.

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Chemical structures of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol by Zerrin Atakan.

Sativa

The Sativa strain has energizing effects which is why they are often used during the daytime. The effects of Sativa are said to be uplifting and can make a person creative. Medically speaking, this strain is used to treat depression.

Indica

The Indica strain has a relaxing effect which can make you want to hang out on the couch and do nothing which is why they are often used during night time. The effects of Indica are said provide a sense of deep body relaxation which can help with pain relief.

Types of Cannabis by thcdoctor

Positive Health Effects

In a study done by Volkow, Baler, Compton, & Weiss (2014), clinical conditions with symptoms that were relieved by treatment of marijuana include:

  • Nausea
  • AIDS – associated anorexia
  • Chronic pain
  • Inflammation
  • Epilepsy

The chemical components of this plant reacts to different receptors in the body in order to treat for these specific conditions.

There’s Always a Downside

Though marijuana can be used for medical use, there are always side-effects to any medication. In the same study done above, they list the negative effects:

  • Risk of addiction
  • Cognitive impairment, with lower IQ among those who were frequent users during adolescence

The effects mainly come from the regular use of marijuana during adolescence which is of particular concern. Use by this age group is associated with an increased likelihood of harmful consequences.

Is it Good or Bad?

Although multiple studies have reported dangerous effects of the use of marijuana, other studies have not. The question of whether marijuana is harmful remains the subject of heated debate.

What do you think?

Written by: Chelsey Chow

DNA Vaccine: A New Universal Vaccine Platform

With the sudden drop in temperature as autumn comes to an end, the inevitable flu season is once again underway. For many of us, this means another visit to the doctor for a flu vaccine to last us through the winter. We have become so reliant on vaccines to protect us from disease-causing pathogens and now there is a new radical platform using DNA that will make vaccines much more accessible and cheaper.

The researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB) have discovered a method of using DNA for vaccine production that is much inexpensive with longer shelf-life (80% increase) and the same effectiveness as those that are manufactured in cell culture. This new approach promises not only the treatment of common flus at the universal level, it can also treat patients with weakened or impaired immune systems including those infected with HIV.

The Current Procedure

Currently, the most common way of supplying vaccine has been through cell culture in factories where large amounts of cells are cultivated in a dish. This method of vaccine production is ineffective because vaccines are prone to contamination when not refrigerated in their optimal temperature range. Maintaining a cold enough temperature while they are delivered from factories to hospitals and clinics can cost up to 80% of the original cost of vaccine in warmer regions.

The New Platform

To eliminate the problem of storage and cost of vaccines, the researchers of UTMB were able to design a vaccine against a type of virus spread through mosquitoes called Zika in the form of DNA. DNA vaccine contains nucleotides that encode the region of a virus that contain the pathogens. When the DNA construct is taken up in the host cell, the viral gene is expressed into the corresponding antibodies. In the research by UTMB, a single-dose immunization of the Zika vaccine was shown to protect mice of the virus infection, as well as maternal-to-fetal transmission during pregnancy and testis damage in males.

Thanks to this new approach, vaccines no longer need to be manufactured in cell culture. Also with DNA molecules being much less temperature-dependent, they can now last for years without the risk of contamination, consequently making vaccines accessible worldwide no matter the climate at the cheapest cost. Adapting to this new platform will increase vaccine availability and ensure future prospects of immunization, taking us one step closer to creating a world free of disease, ensuring health and wellness to not only the privileged but to the overarching public.

Ellena Yoon