Category Archives: Science communication

Animals Can Be a Benefit to Your Health!

Posted on February 10, 2014 by miranda | 4 comments

“A dog is a man’s best friend.”

Though a seemingly overused phrased, it does have its importance. Not only towards dogs, but towards all animals, be them little critters or large. Why? Let me ask you this question. Was there ever a time in your life when you felt extremely emotionally depressed and stressed out, but didn’t know how to fix it? The answer is simple really. Animals. (Read on, and I promise you’ll find out why).

According to a research published in the PLoS ONE journal from the University of Queensland, Australia, it was discovered that animals have the ability to

Puzzle pieces (Source: Flickr – Julianaorihuela)

increase social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Basically, ASD is a brain development disorder that affects and impedes difficulties on individuals specifically in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behavior. Although ASD does affect the individual intellectually as well, it has been documented that some individuals have excelled in categories such as visual skills, music, math, and art, regardless.

A guinea pig being held up. (Source: Flickr – Petspantry)

Marguertie O’Haire and her colleagues, the researchers conducting this study, wanted to compare whether or not animals would play out better results than toys. Thus, guinea pigs were brought to a classroom of children with ASD, ranging from ages 5 to 13. The goal was to find out how these children would interact with adults and other peers in the presence of animals versus toys.

The study observed that these children demonstrated more social behavior, such as speaking to adults and peers, and making more physical contact.

A person smiling (Source: Flickr – Daniayu)

Interestingly enough, interaction with the guinea pigs also induced more cases of smiling and laughing among children, whilst a decrease in the instances of frowning, whining and crying behaviors was evident. These results definitely outplayed the results of the behaviors observed when they were simply given toys to play with.

From this study, along with previous studies, animals have been suggested to exert a “social lubricant” effect on humans that can make us less anti-social and more open. It could prove to be exceptionally helpful towards individuals that may have emotional disabilities, emotional anxieties and stress.

Personally, as a busy student taking five courses currently, I haven’t omitted the idea of actually getting a guinea pig. (I’ve always loved guinea pigs, though I was never allowed to have one). They definitely would help to relieve my stress. Sometimes, we all just need to take time off to relax and have fun with some animals. For those (like me) without the privileges of getting one yet, head over to the Wellness Centre and attend the pet visits, provided by Pets and Friends at the Irving K. Barber Learning Centre! What are you waiting for!

Jasmine – “Come visit me at the Wellness Centre!” (Source: UBC Wellness Centre)

– Miranda

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130227183504.htm

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Posted in Biological sciences, Issues in science, Public engagement, Science communication, Science in the news

Tagged animals, austism spectrum disorder, wellness centre

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Research-Based Theatre: Taking Research from the Page to Centre Stage

The arts and sciences may not be as dichotomous as we think. Research-based theatre is a growing phenomenon, which translates data gathered by traditional scientific means into artistic, emotional and dramatic representations. This novel approach to scientific communication challenges the traditional stigma that scientists are poor communicators who fail to engage the public in their attempts to share knowledge. Consequently, instead of just presenting facts and findings, “science plays” tell a story about the world around us, unraveling scientific information scene by scene so that the audience has received a concealed form of education by the time the curtain falls.

One of the greatest successes of scientific theatre is the Tony Award winning play Copenhagen, which explores a meeting between physicists Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. The script is a combination of research and imagination, revealing Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, the workings and reactions of atomic particles, the nuclear science behind atomic bombs and the laboratory experiments that led to these discoveries.

(A trailer for the film Copenhagen).

Emulating from the success of Broadway science-based plays, many researchers are theatricalizing data to transfer important and complex new findings in a clear and entertaining manner. This is particularly evident in the health and medical field where researchers are turning to community-based theatre productions to circulate information to vulnerable groups. For example, a study published by The Journal of Educational Gerontology found that incorporating research data into a play, called Wicked Widows, was a successful medium to educate older generations about the effects of widowhood. By incorporating research data into a humorous and professionally written script, participants felt more knowledgeable after the performance and believed this was an unthreatening and enjoyable way to learn about this sensitive topic.

(A scene from Wicked Widows.)

The educational power of research-based theatre is also observed cross-culturally. Many international health organizations utilize community-based theatre to educate vulnerable societies about important issues such as family planning, proper hygiene and nutrition. For example, the Tuelimishane Project in Tanzania developed a play geared towards men to educate them about safe sex, infidelity and conflict resolution due to alarming gender violence and HIV rates. Preliminary results show that, of those that watched the performance, 12% more men reported using a condom and there is evidence that male attitudes towards gender violence has improved.

Overall, it is evident that the great chasm between science and the arts is a misconception, as both disciplines can work symbiotically to help scientists communicate in innovative ways. In particular, when trying to convey knowledge to the general public, we should no longer feel confined to the characteristic journal publication, panel discussion, PowerPoint presentation or press release we are so often used to seeing.

Looking a step beyond theatre, what would be really interesting to see is more mainstream movie productions based on sound science (and I mean sound science, not the guy-gets-bit-by-radioactive-spider-and-becomes-spider-man science). If Hollywood could start collaborating with Nobel Peace worthy scientists to generate scripts, I think the whole world would become a lot smarter. As Alan Alda, an actor and advocate of science-based theatre, once said: “Every experiment is a great story”.

Published by Jamie Fujioka

Interesting Links to a list of Research-Based Theatre Companies:

http://www.britishcouncil.org/talkingscience-centres-science-on-stage.htm

Other Sources:

Eakin, J. M., & Endicott, M. (2006). Knowledge translation through research-based theatre. Healthcare Policy, 2(2), 54.

Rossiter, K., Kontos, P., Colantonio, A., Gilbert, J., Gray, J., & Keightley, M. (2008). Staging data: Theatre as a tool for analysis and knowledge transfer in health research. Social science & medicine, 66(1), 130-146.

Sinding, C., Gray, R., Grassau, P., Damianakis, F., & Hampson, A. (2006). Audience responses to a research‐based drama about life after breast cancer.Psycho‐Oncology, 15(8), 694-700.

1 Comment

Posted on February 3, 2014 by jfujio in Issues in science, Public engagement, Science communication, Science communicators

Tagged communication, community-based theatre, Copenhagen, Michael Frayn, research-based theatre, science plays, scientific communication, theatre, Tuelimishane Project, Wicked Widows

Naked Mole Rats And Cancer

Posted on January 27, 2014 by adilcader | 2 comments

Cancer is the reality that haunts the forefront of society’s mind and one of the greatest killers that we fear today. It comes as no surprise that we would expect a great deal of research to be invested in its prevention. When researchers are looking into every possible opportunity that may yield a solution, it peaks our curiosity that a bizarre animal such as the naked mole rat may hold the key.

The Naked Mole Rat (Source: Flickr.com)

Although this not very visually appealing creature doesn’t seem to stand a chance against something as notorious as cancer, scientists at the University of Haifa in Israel believe that the cells of these mole rats secrete a substance that could be linked to the prevention of cancer. In addition to this the naked mole rat lives for a much longer period than your conventional species of rats, up to around thirty years, and hasn’t yet been detected to have any form of tumours. These features of this animal allowed it to win vertebrate of the year in the science magazine.

So how does this seemingly insignificant animal keep cancer out? Scientists from the University of Rochester in New York along with scientists from The University of Haifa in Israel have suggested that the substance responsible is a super sugar called high-molecular-mass Hyaluronan (HMM-HA). The proposed mechanism is that when secreted by cells it decreases cell overcrowding and the formation of tumours. This substance is also secreted by humans into the extracellular matrix of cells, but the sugar in these rats are ‘much heavier’. The evolution of these rats deep underground may have lead to the formation of this advanced version of the sugar. Additionally, this sugar secreted by mole rats allows their skin to be very much more elastic.

Research conducted on these creatures include, inducing cancers via carcinogens on them, however, it was found that the mole rats didn’t appear to develop any tumours. This differs from an experiment in which the mole rats were exposed to these same carcinogens in the absence of the secreted sugar (Hyaluronan). In this case, tumours developed, which lead researchers in the direction that this was, in fact, the substance responsible for the mole rats cancer free record.

The research into this substance is still progressing slowly, like all things in science and medicine. There are still several problems that researchers face, such as; how can it be harnessed and administered to humans? Will the substance cure already existing tumours and how can this be tested safely? Unfortunately several news articles that have been published are misleading to people who are looking for current cancer treatment as this research is in no way a current treatment and still needs several years of work to be of substantial use for human applications. That being said it is a significant door that has been opened in the field of cancer research and should be pursued.

~Adil Cader.

2 Comments

Posted in Biological sciences, Issues in science, Science communication, Science in the news

Tagged cancer, Naked Mole Rats

Fukushima Radiation Effects Under Control

Posted on January 20, 2014 by yjpark | Comments Off

In 2011, the tsunami that hit Japan led to discharge of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The venting reduced gaseous pressure from the reactor containment vessels and discharge of water from the coolant into the sea. The USS Ronald Reagan undertook a rescue mission following the nuclear plant accident. However, several months later, the US sailors started experiencing severe radiation symptoms that prompted them to file suits against the Tokyo Electric Power Company with claims that the company failed to disclose radiation details from the US Navy after the nuclear power plant accident. According to the WHO report, 70% of the people exposed to radiation are likely to develop thyroid cancer, 7% are at a risk of suffering from leukemia, 6% from breast cancer, 4% from female cancers.

Image by IAEA Imagebank (Source: flickr.com)

Traces of the radioactive particles have been detected worldwide and numerous deaths of birds, animals and sea life have been linked to the radioactive plume. However, since the accident, the Tokyo Electric Power Company has been trying to contain the radioactive leaks and nuclear radiation levels around the Fukushima power plant. Their effort has been successful because at the worst month following the disaster, Fisher’s lab tested Tuna that had been caught off the waters of California. The radioactivity dose from the tuna was much lower than what people are exposed to from eating bananas, medical X- rays, and natural occurrence. This is because disperse of contaminants through the Pacific Ocean into the West Coast dilutes the radiation concentration reducing it several times. Additionally, the federal and state agencies have boosted monitoring of radiation after the disaster and the recorded data shows a decline in the high levels in milk and air.

IAEA experts monitoring water samples (Source: flicker.com)

On the contrary, assertions are circulating in the internet that seafood and beaches are being contaminated by radiation from the Fukushima meltdown. For example, the YouTube video titled ‘28 Signs that the West is Being Absolutely Fried with Nuclear Radiation from Fukushima’ shows a man detecting radiation levels using a Geiger counter on Half Moon Bay beach. Also, an outrageous worry in Seattle was also observed that people were afraid of eating seafood and going to the beach. This prompted the California Department of Public Health to send inspectors to test radiation levels. The analysis showed that radiation at the beach resulted from natural occurrence from minerals in the sand but not as a result of the Fukushima radiation.

Since the tsunami that led to discharge of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, there has been tremendous improvement in the control of radiation health risks. The Tokyo Electric Power Company controlled the leaks and the same has been reviewed several times by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In addition, numerous tests have been conducted and it has been established that fish are safe for human consumption. Also, it has been established that beaches are safe for use by the public.

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Posted in Biological sciences, Issues in science, Science communication, Science in the news

Tagged Fukushima, Japan, nuclear, radiation

Printing the Sum of Our Parts

Posted on January 20, 2014 by alenas | Comments Off

You don’t have to know anyone with a failed organ to understand what kind of stress they must go through while they’re on the organ transplant waiting list. Many don’t live to see the end of that line-up and heartbreakingly, the ones who make it are still at danger from organ rejection. Thankfully, a solution is on the horizon. In the near future, all a patient has to do is wait for their kidney or liver to be printed, 3D printed that is.

You may have heard a thing or two about 3D printers, the method of manufacturing an object, layer by layer, guided by a digital model of what you wish to print. While it may seem complicated enough to print plastics or metal into complex shapes, scientists and engineers are now working on creating ways to print fully functional organs.

We’ve had the ability to print tissues (hyperlink) made of a single type of cell for some time now, but the possibility of producing entire organs is now on the horizon, most notably, the human liver.

However, there are still many major milestones to reach before the first printed organ can be transplanted to a donor. Currently, the greatest tissue thickness that can be printed is about a centimeter; adding more layers causes the tissue to suffocate from lack of oxygen and nutrients. Only once a way to incorporate blood vessels into the tissue is developed will there be serious talk of transplantation.

Nevertheless, we are already beginning to reap the benefits of these techniques. The thin pieces of functioning liver tissue are being used as ‘organs on a chip’ in testing new drugs. This means we can finally begin moving away from animal testing, without sacrificing reliability of animal models. In fact, such ‘organs on a chip’ save money and resources for medical research. Finally, something both PETA and pharmaceutical companies can be happy about.

As for clinical applications in humans, the current state looks rather disheartening; so far, only 3D printed implants have been used. However, for the thousands currently in line for a transplant, this technology offers reason to hope.

Published by Alena Safina

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Posted in Biological sciences, Issues in science, Science communication, Uncategorized

Tagged 3D Printing, Drug testing, Organ transplantation

Diabetic? Don’t Be Afraid to Cry About It.

Posted on January 20, 2014 by Maria Bernard | Comments Off

Normally, the Official Google Blog posts advertisements on the latest company developments and information on research that is far from scientific. On January 16^th 2014, however, an Official Google Blog post was released revealing information on a new project in development at the mysterious and secretive Google[x] facility. The project is certainly intriguing for the scientific community, but even more so than that the content and use of the blog itself clearly communicates in a way that readily engages the general public.

First, a little bit on the project itself: Researchers at the Google[x] facility are creating a contact lens that can measure the levels of glucose in diabetics. Scientists in the past have claimed that tears can provide very accurate readings of glucose levels, but have not found collecting tears to be an easy or enjoyable experience. The new smart contact lens uses a chip and a sensor embedded within the lens itself to detect glucose levels in tears and transmit them to the wearer. The chip and sensor are well hidden, as they are a very small part of the contact lens that is barely visible itself. There has also been some discussion of incorporating LED lights into the system that can indicate to the wearer when his or her glucose levels are too high or too low.

A contact lens is barely visible within an eye. Image Source: Flickr Commons.

Now, how does it generate the public’s interest?: The Official Google Blog post covering this project does an excellent job at pointing out to the public just what the development of this product could mean to them. It starts out by engaging those affected by diabetes by describing at least half a dozen unpleasant truths that diabetics can attest to. It also engages those not affected by diabetes by pulling at their heartstrings as they read about the struggles of being a diabetic, explaining the harsh procedure of having to prick one’s finger for a glucose level measurement and the inconvenience of fluctuating glucose levels which “change frequently with normal activity like exercising or eating or even sweating”. More importantly, the post

The painful, routine prick. Image Source: Flickr Commons.

quickly points out the severity of inconsistent glucose level monitoring. It provides the public with a perhaps relatable story from a concerned friend whose mother has a higher chance of passing out at inopportune times because of low glucose levels. Not to mention (which it does) the long-term effects of neglecting proper glucose levels, “including damage to the eyes, kidneys and heart”. The blog thus effectively demonstrates the importance of regulating glucose levels in diabetics.

The use of the blog itself is crafty on Google’s part, as it is concise and easy to understand, not being burdened with technical jargon. With the importance of tracking glucose levels in diabetics clearly established, readers find themselves thinking, “if only there was an easier way to do so…” and thus the blog successfully stimulates the intrigue of the smart contact lens.

-Maria Bernard

The Case of the Missing Starfish

Posted on January 20, 2014 by dansterr3 | Comments Off

Starfish in the Intertidal zone near Bamfield, B.C. (Photo by Danielle Marcoux)

Imagine yourself diving off the coast of British Columbia and you come across a large rock wall that is packed with starfish. You swim up to the wall and approach them to look closer but instead of seeing a plethora of plump, healthy starfish of oranges, purples or reds, you see mushy disintegrating starfish with missing arms all over the place.

Starfish exhibiting Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (Source: themarinedetective.com; Jackie Hildering)

Since June 2013, sightings of dead and dying starfish, also known as sea stars, have been reported stretching almost all of the Pacific West Coast. Scientists have dubbed it the “Sea Star Wasting Syndrome”.

As key predators in the intertidal region of the ocean, disappearing sea stars can have catastrophic effects for the ecosystem.

Note the arms moving by themselves!

Scientists along with the press are reaching out for help from the public and local divers. They are asking if anyone sees this syndrome in their region to report it immediately to either the Vancouver Aquarium or the University of California Santa Cruz. If researchers can understand more about where the wasting syndrome is occurring, the cause of this disease can be found faster. They hope to stop this phenomenon from spreading further and devastating more areas on the West Coast.

Global interviewed UBC’s own Dr. Chris Harley

Biologists are working diligently on each case to find the cause of this starfish epidemic. They have their speculations based on previous cases, but they note that they have never seen anything as severe as this one. Two prior cases in 1983 and 1997 were said to be associated with warming of the ocean. However, some researchers are claiming that this time it may be different.

Fukushima reactor No.4 (Source: flickr: Simply Info)

Researchers have made it clear to the public that no cause has been found as of yet. Nonetheless, the Fukushima nuclear plant meltdown has made headlines for being a potential cause of Sea Star Wasting Syndrome. It is hot news for reporters to cover a story with this much controversy. Christopher Mah, one of the world’s leading experts in starfish, has reassured that it is very unlikely. However, marine biologists are considering all possibilities, including increased radiation.

Other probable causes for Sea Star Wasting Syndrome that biologists are researching are lower oxygen in the ocean, ocean warming, and the possible risk of bacterial or viral infections.

On a brighter note, I had the pleasure of diving in the Sechelt Inlet in November (2013) and saw no signs of Sea Star Wasting Syndrome. The starfish were in perfect health and looked as if the population was flourishing in this area! Lets hope that the next time I go back, they are still around.

Written by Danielle Marcoux

A biologists best friend (Photo by Cathy Clegg)

Other Sources:

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Posted in Biological sciences, Public engagement, Science communication, Science in the news, Uncategorized

Tagged Disease, Fukushima, Japan, Marine, Ocean, Sea stars, Starfish, Syndrome

What’s for Dinner?

Posted on January 20, 2014 by asihra | 1 comment

Insects sold in bulk at a supermarket stall. Image: Alexis (Flickr Creative Commons)

Are you hungry and want something to snack on? Well what about insects? Although the idea of consuming insects, scientifically known as entomophagy, may sound absurd and even disgusting a third of the worlds population practices it. And why shouldn’t it? According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Health Organization (FAO), eating insects can not only control world hunger but it can also reduce obesity and is good for the environment.

Nutritious silkworm pupae served on a plate. Image: Tomchen1989 (Wikimedia Commons)

The world’s population is predicted to increase to 9 billion people by 2050 so the demand for food will also rise. Food production will need to be increased as the population rises but it would be difficult to do so due to factors such as climate change, pollution, overfished water resources and decreased productivity of farm lands. Thus the FAO is encouraging insect based diets as an alternate food resource. Insects are packed with high quality protein and low fat content which would make them an ideal meal for undernourished individuals in famine-stricken countries. The protein levels in insects are so rich that they meet the standards of protein levels found in both meat and milk. Furthermore, fat content in insects is comparatively lower than in meat and milk. For example, according to the USDA National Nutrient Database, house crickets contain about 205g/kg of protein and only 68 g/kg of fat whereas beef contains 256g/kg of protein with 187g/kg of fat and milk contains 265g/kg of protein with 268g/kg of fat.

: Western society faces the problem of obesity because of fast-food diets such as McDonalds. Image: FRED (Flickr Creative Commons)

While the rest of the world battles hunger, the Western society faces the problem of obesity because of poor fast food diets and lack of exercise. The amount of fat intake based on fast food diets is above the maximum and it is extremely unhealthy. Insect based diets are a better alternative because insects contain less fat, eight essential amino acids, vitamins A, B12, and minerals such as riboflavin and thiamine. All these nutritional elements make up a balanced and healthy diet for a good lifestyle.

Eating insects is also healthy for the environment because of their many “green” benefits. It is better to consume insects rather than cattle because insects produce the same amount of edible meat as cattle except they require less feed. This is because insects are cold-blooded and therefore need less energy to maintain their body temperature. The insects intake of less feed compared to the cattle is benefical because less amount of water is used for irrigation and less land is also required to grow food for livestock. Furthermore, insects also emit fewer greenhouse gases and they don’t compete with humans for food unlike other farm animals which have to be fed with grains or corn. Instead, they take up human and plant waste.

In conclusion, insects contribute greatly both to society and the environment. Hopefully after assessing the numerous benefits that insects have to offer you will probably change your mind as well. So how about a plate of fried grasshoppers garnished with coriander? Cheers.

– Anupreet Sihra

(1)Why Insects Should Be in Your Diet. Retrieved 1/19, 2014, from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/34172/title/Why-Insects-Should-Be-in-Your-Diet/

(2) Insects for Food and Feed. Retrieved 2/3, 2014, from http://www.fao.org/forestry/edibleinsects/en/

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Posted in Issues in science, Public engagement, Science communication, Science in the news

Tagged Entomophagy, environment, FAO, fat, insects, obesity, protein

High Blood Pressure? Not a Problem, the Sun Can Help

Posted on January 20, 2014 by miranda | Comments Off

We often hear about it all over the news. Overexposure to the sun will harm your health. But in a place like Vancouver, who wouldn’t love the sun that comes only every once in a while behind all the dark and gloomy clouds? Especially when it offers health benefits? This must be a joke right?

A doctor testing blood pressure. (Source: Flickr – PassiveIncomeDream)

A research article published on the Journal of Investigative Dermatology found that the exposure of sunlight to the skin surprisingly lowers blood pressure, providing health benefits, contrary to the popular belief.

The sun can help lower blood pressure. (Source: Flickr – AngellaAliaga

As a precursor before we begin, Ultraviolet radiation, or UV radiation, can be found in natural sources, such as the sun, and in artificial sources – ranging from welding equipment to lasers to the most commonly well-known ones: tanning beds and tanning lamps.

During the study conducted at the Universities of Southampton and Edinburgh, 24 healthy individuals were kept under tanning lamps which emitted UV radiation for two 20 minute sessions, while their blood pressure was examined. In the first session, exposure to all 24 individuals by the UV rays and the heat of the lamps simultaneously were carried out. However, in the second session, all individuals were merely exposed to the heat of the lamps, but not the UV rays.

Results demonstrated a significant difference between the blood pressure measured during the exposure and inexposure of UV rays to the skin. So what exactly happened there?

According to Martin Feelisch, a Professor of Experimental Medicine and Integrative Biology at the University of Southampton, the lower in blood pressure is caused by the release of nitric oxide (NO) found in the skin into the blood circulation, upon exposure to UV rays. Inside the bloodstream, NO helps to widen the blood vessels by assisting the muscular walls to relax, in a process known as vasodilation. Remarkably, it is no doubt that a drop in blood pressure would lower the risk of heart attack and stroke. Clearly, NO plays a very large role in helping to maintain blood pressure.

The process of vasodilation – before and after. (Source: learningaboutanthropology.blogspot.com)

(Click here to learn more about the benefits of nitric oxide in the body.)

Interestingly enough, this study proves to be quite strikingly important as it was long known that the only benefit of sunlight was the production of vitamin D and consequently, the risks heavily outweighed it. This surprising development shed light on sunlight (no pun intended) whose name was always associated with negative feelings. It has also encouraged and opened up new research studies for scientists focusing upon the benefits of sunlight.

Thus, despite the risks surrounding the topic of sunlight, I believe that the beneficial aspects of it will eventually outweigh the risks. So the next time someone hears the word “sunlight”, the words “lower blood pressure” should immediately come to mind and know that it now owns a positive connotation.

– Miranda Tuet

Source:

http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/sunlight-may-help-lower-blood-pressure/

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Posted in Biological sciences, Public engagement, Science communication, Science in the news

Tagged blood pressure, nitric oxide, sun, UV radiation

Category Archives: Science communication

Animals Can Be a Benefit to Your Health!

Research-Based Theatre: Taking Research from the Page to Centre Stage

Naked Mole Rats And Cancer

Fukushima Radiation Effects Under Control

Printing the Sum of Our Parts

Diabetic? Don’t Be Afraid to Cry About It.

The Case of the Missing Starfish

What’s for Dinner?

High Blood Pressure? Not a Problem, the Sun Can Help

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