Tag Archives: Phosphorus

Polymers with the Ability to Glow

Science has many applications to our everyday lives which go unseen. From the moment the alarm clock wakes you up, to the moment you turn off the lights to go to bed, science is directly impacting your life.

You may be surprised to find out that a chemistry study in its early stages may have great implications for the situations you experience on a daily basis.

Benjamin Rawe, a chemist  at the University of British Columbia, has been studying polymers that have phosphorus in their backbone. This study produced a polymer which can glow!

But what are polymers? In essence, polymers are repeating units made of monomers, which are individual molecules. Using these polymers, Dr. Rawe added phosphorus to the them. Phosphorus is an element with very interesting properties because it can react with many things. When this element is incorporated into the polymer backbone it fluoresces, which means that it can glow. It is easy to think of  the phosphorus like a switch for the polymer. So based on what is attached to the phosphorus, you’re either turning on or turning off the fluorescence.

The video below explains in detail what polymers are and the properties of phosphorus that make it essential to this study.

Credit: Daniela Castillo & Vanessa Sidhu

The real-life application for these polymers that contain phosphorus is the possible ability for them to be used as sensors. Sensors are objects that detect an event or change, and respond to that change. Sensors are required for many parts of our daily lives, they are used in thermometers to measure your fever, the light that turns on when you walk by, and even the metal detector used at airports. Furthermore, the Global Positioning System (GPS) and smartphones are technologies that are on the uprise. The potential application for more efficient sensors in these items could help enhance these technologies even more.

The podcast below gives examples of sensors and their importance in our growing population.

Credit: Kush Khanna & Siriwat Chhem

The research on this topic is just getting started, there is much more to study and discover. Benjamin continues to learn more about the polymer he has created and the significance it can have in our society.

– Vanessa Sidhu, Daniela Castillo, Kush Khanna and Siriwat Chhem

Sewage Sludge, A Potential New Fertilizer?

THE PROBLEM

The world’s population increases annually. With urban communities adapting to a more meat-based diet and competing for food supplies, agricultural demands are increasing exponentially. Rising agricultural demand results in the necessity for increased amount of high-quality fertilizers. Unfortunately, the main component of agricultural fertilizer is phosphorus: a dwindling non-renewable resource.

Red Phosphorus

Phosphorus, Source:Wikimedia Commons

If phosphorus was to deplete on a global basis (predicted to occur within the next 100 years), nations may succumb to pressure and resort to violence or isolationism to protect their own supply.

WHAT TO DO?

Before global conflict occurs, the world needs to find a new source of phosphorus that is both sustainable and renewable. Luckily, researchers believe they may have found a new source of phosphorus in sewage sludge.

WHAT IS SEWAGE SLUDGE?

SEWAGE_SLUDGE_SETTLES_ON_BOTTOM_OF_BEAKER._SEWAGE_TREATMENT_PLANT_-_NARA_-_543811[1]

Sewage Sludge, Source:Wikimedia Commons

Sewage sludge is the by-product of urban sewage waste produced after an incineration or combustion process. When dissolved in water, sewage sludge is a murky viscous material with floating small particles. Interestingly, sewage sludge has a diverse variety of micro-components where oxidized metals and semi-metals make up majority of the composition. The key fact to note is the high amount of oxidized Phosphorous contained within this substance.

HOW CAN SEWAGE SLUDGE HELP US

In the past, sewage sludge has been dumped into the ocean, leaked into agricultural lands before proper processing or used in construction process such as the formation of concrete. However, a new study conducted by researcher Hannes Herzel on January 15, 2016 has shown a potential recovery of over 19, 000 tons of phosphorus annually within sewage sludge that is commercially and agriculturally reusable. But, it appears that researchers do not yet have an efficient way of extracting phosphorus from sewage sludge due to limited bio-availability. Furthermore, it is not cost efficient in a lab setting to completely remove all other heavy metals and contaminants inside of sewage sludge in order to isolate phosphorus. Coincidentally, a Russian waste purification company seems to have found the solution.

The following is a YouTube demonstration of contemporary Sewage Sludge treatment in Rusecotech kindly provided by: Daniil Andreev

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdrAO6plWOQ

After this treatment, the sewage sludge will be essentially free of dangerous heavy metals such Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) and will also be detoxified. The resulting mixture will be safe to use as a fertilizer after further processing. In the words of Hannes Herzel, the treated product, “thus fulfill(s) the quality parameter for a P-fertilizer“.

Although the concept of reusing sewage sludge is still under development, the future of this technology is definitely promising in securing a reusable phosphorous source.

Posted By Ming Lun (Allan) Zhu