Tag Archives: Cognitive

Technological Advance: Resistance May Be Futile

Are you one of those smart phone users who simply can’t be parted from your phone, or one of those wifi junkies who travel from hotspot to hotspot simply looking for your next fix? Well there may be good news for you, as scientists from Duke University School of Medicine have been working on a way to mind meld humans with technology. That’s right, just like the Borg, you too could become one with machine and share a single consciousness with all of your friends! Okay, well maybe not just yet, but they’re certainly making advances in that direction.

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We are the Borg. Resistance is Futile. You will be assimilated.

Courtesy of ragokin via Youtube

That’s right all you Trekkies, resistance may soon enough be futile, as researchers from Duke have successfully linked a pair of rat brains. Using arrays of microelectrodes, researchers attached the motor cortexes of the two rat brains. This allowed the two rats to transmit and receive tactile and motor information to and from each other at will.

In their experiment, both rats were trained to perform certain tasks based on certain stimulus. The rats were then put into separate testing areas and connected via this brain linkage – one was only given the stimulus and the other was put in the response area. The experimenters ran a number of different tests; from making one rat push certain levers based on what light another was shown, to making one rat believe that it had detected infrared light, when there was no light source present. The results were astounding to researchers, as in their first test, the rats achieved a 70% success rate, which was only just slightly less than the maximum 78% success rate that the researchers had deemed possible. Although the experiments were all different, the results were all significant, showing that the rats were consciously communicating. Furthermore, it appeared that the communication was not a one-way street, but instead that the rats were responding to one another. This was indicated by slight changes in the rats’ brain function and behavior – a behavior believed to be as a result of a mutual and concerted effort.

To put all doubt to rest as well as to test the bounds of the connection, the researchers separated the two rats completely – not just in different testing rooms or different buildings, but on two completely different continents. The rat receiving the stimulus was put in Natal, Brazil and the rat performing the actions was put in Durham, N.C., USA. The connection was established using an Internet connection. Miguel Pais-Vera, PhD, was amazed that even despite the distance and the lag associated with Internet connections, the rats were still able to complete the tasks while maintaining a significant level of success. He continued by saying that this research was promising and that in time “it could be possible the create a workable, network of animal brains distributed in many different locations.”

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If not the Borg, it may be a bit closer to this.

Courtesy of Its me simon, via Flickr Creative Commons

– Brian Kahnamelli

Action Games: Tools for Improving the Mind?

Student playing Counterstrike Source
By ario_ via Flickr Creative Commons

Often, when we are asked to describe a “video gamer”, we think of a person lazing around in front of their computer or tv, wasting time playing games as their brain turns to mush. Personally, I enjoy playing video games once in a while, but I didn’t think much of them, other than for entertainment. That was until I took a psychology course at UBC and discovered that people who played action video games often had better spatial attention than the average non-gamer.

Busy Restaurant Scene
By kenudigit via Flickr Creative Commons

What is Spatial Attention?

Imagine that you’re at a restaurant with some friends; people nearby are chatting loudly, waiters and waitresses are hurrying back and forth with plates, phones are ringing, background music is playing and yet, you are able to ignore these distractions and focus on the conversation you are having with your friends. This is your spatial attention at work. You are shutting out the unnecessary sensory inputs and only engaging in the information relevant to your conversation.

Gamers vs. Non-Gamers

study conducted at the University of Rochester by D. Bavelier and associates, found that VGPs (video game players) displayed greater suppression of irrelevant information than NVGPs (non video gamer players). Subjects were asked to press a button to indicate whether a specific shape was present or not in the  given visual stimuli, which included various shapes and moving distractors. As a result, the researchers concluded that VGPs expressed shorter reaction times, suggesting that they are more effective in filtering out irrelevant information. Furthermore, fMRI brain imaging showed that areas involved in spatial attention were less engaged in VGPs than in NVGPs. In other words, non video game players required more effort to ignore distractions, unlike video game players who seemed to do it almost automatically.

In an attempt to identify differences in cognitive functions between VGPs and NVGPs, researchers assessed numerous individuals in their attention, memory and executive control skills. Compared to non-gamers, it was found that those with gaming experience could track faster moving objects, had better visual short term memory, switched between tasks more quickly and were more effective in mentally rotating objects. Interestingly enough, the researchers also suggest that non-gamers could potentially improve their cognitive skills with increased video game experience.

Have 18 minutes to spare? (probably not..) But for those who are really interested, here is a video of cognitive researcher Daphne Bavelier giving a talk about the effect of video games on our brains. She addresses topics such as eyesight, attention, multi-tasking and much more. I found this quite interesting.

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Youtube video from user TEDtalksDirector

Although  video game players overall display better cognitive performance than non-video game players, it does not mean you should spend most of your time now playing video games in place of studying or other important tasks. However, the next time you decide to take a study break, consider playing an action game. With the right dose, you can de-stress and potentially improve your spatial attention at the same time!

– Grace Lam

 

 

Action Games: Tools for Improving the Mind?

Student playing Counterstrike Source
By ario_ via Flickr Creative Commons

Often, when we are asked to describe a “video gamer”, we think of a person lazing around in front of their computer or tv, wasting time playing games as their brain turns to mush. Personally, I enjoy playing video games once in a while, but they were of no value to me other than for entertainment. That was until I took a psychology course at UBC and discovered that people who played action video games often had better spatial attention than the average non-gamer.

What is Spatial Attention?
Imagine that you’re at a restaurant with some friends; people nearby are chatting loudly, waiters and waitresses are hurrying back and forth with plates, cell phones are ringing, background music is playing and yet, you are able to ignore these distractions and focus on the conversation you are having with your friends. This is your spatial attention at work. You are shutting out the unnecessary sensory inputs and only engaging in the information relevant to your conversation.

Gamers vs. Non-Gamers

A study conducted at the University of Rochester by D. Bavelier and associates, found that VGPs (video game players) displayed greater suppression of irrelevant information than NVGPs (non video gamer players). Subjects were asked to press a button to indicate whether a specific shape was present or not in the  given visual stimuli (figure 1), which included various shapes and moving distractors. As a result, the researchers concluded that VGPs expressed shorter reaction times, suggesting that they are more effective in filtering out irrelevant information. Furthermore, fMRI brain imaging showed that areas involved in spatial attention were less engaged in VGPs than in NVGPs. In other words, non video game players required more effort to ignore distractions, unlike video game players who seemed to do it almost automatically. 

In an attempt to identify differences in cognitive performance between VGPs and NVGPs, researchers assessed numerous individuals in their attention, memory and executive control skills. Overall, it was found that experienced gamers could track faster moving objects, posessed better visual short term memory, were quicker at switching between tasks and were more effective in mentally rotating objects than non-gamers. Interestingly enough, the researchers also suggest that non-gamers could potentially improve their cognitive skills with increased video game experience.

Have 18 minutes to spare? (probably not..) But for those who are really interested, here is a video of cognitive researcher Daphne Bavelier giving a talk about the effect of video games on our brains. She addresses topics such as eyesight, attention, multi-tasking and much more. I found this quite interesting.

YouTube Preview Image

 

Although  video game players overall display better cognitive performance than non-video game players, it does not mean you should spend most of your time now playing video games in place of studying or other important tasks. However, the next time you decide to take a study break, consider playing an action game. With the right dose, you can de-stress and potentially improve your spatial attention at the same time!

– Grace Lam