Tag Archives: Technology

Robot Invasion?

With the drastic increase of technology in robotics in the past decade, should we be fearful robots will take our jobs in the future?

Robot apocalypse anyone?
(via Flickr: A.G Photography)

Posdoctoral research fellow Brian Gleeson in the University of British Columbia computer science department doesn’t believe so – his paper “Gestures for Industry” seeks to push the boundaries of human interactions with robots in a society where mass production is essential for satisfying the demand for goods by consumers.

Significant technological advancements in relatively short periods of time have not only resulted in better household goods, but have also extended to the production process itself. The use of robots in every nook and cranny of industrial assembly lines has allowed for faster, more efficient production of goods. However, over the years, the transition to more mechanized labour has come under fire from the human workforce – many fear for the security of their jobs.

This video below shows the progress of technology and robotics, and what this implies for job security:

YouTube Preview Image(Youtube via CurtMattack)

Technological advancements are showing no signs of slowing down, so are robots destined to take over the production process entirely?

Fortunately not, and many will take comfort in learning that the “Gestures for Industry” paper explores the integration of robotic assistants to increase efficiency, safety and to reduce stress on workers.

Dr. Gleeson has extensively studied human-human interactions, as well as human-robot interactions using only hand gestures to accomplish various tasks. Through this, they discovered that participants, human or robot, must know what the task is ahead of time. For example, knowing whether the task is placing a part in a specific location or manipulating multiple parts is imperative to fully understanding their partner’s hand gestures. Just like the human-human teams, the human-robot teams were able to perform these tasks that communicated specific details without any vocal, touch or eye communication. Dr. Gleeson’s research is one of the first stepping-stones towards human-robot interactions and the future implications of these findings are endless.

These are the types of one-armed robots Brian Gleeson and his team work on.
(via Wikimedia: Lionel Allorge)

The podcast below provides insight on Brian Gleeson’s study and delves into the future of robotics.

Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

While the field of robotics is undoubtedly advancing at a significant rate, human workers need not be concerned with being out of a job. Dr. Gleeson states that robots have already replaced humans in the workforce wherever possible, and that the next step to a safer, more efficient production process requires humans and robots to coexist and cooperate with each other, ultimately resulting in a higher standard of living.

On a side-note, a recent article from Forbes reports robots will actually create more jobs.

– Nicole Gehring, Harleen Kalra, Curtis Ma, Alvinesh Singh

Would you like to sequence your genome?

Imagine a world where you are able to gain access of your entire genome within minutes. Not only will you become aware of what makes you unique, but it will also help with the diagnoses and treatments of many diseases. Thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies like Illumina and 454, we are one step closer to converting this fantasy into a reality.

Next-generation sequencing technology: Illumina. Author: Dr. Corey Nislow, used with permission.

Currently, these new technologies have the ability to sequence five human genomes in one week. This is astonishing because each genome is around 4.3 meters long with over 20,000 genes that code for proteins. Given its efficiency with deciphering human DNA, you would expect high performance on bacterial and archaeal microorganisms that have smaller genomes. By determining their genetic information, it is possible to compare different types of DNA and look back on the evolutionary origin of these life forms.

Check out this podcast to learn more about the evolutionary background of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya:

Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

A study done by Dr. Nislow and his colleagues has demonstrated the usage of next-generation sequencing, particularly Illumina. They compared the structure and function of chromatin, a DNA- protein complex which contains genetic information, in Archaea and Eukarya by sequencing their genomes. The video below gives a more detailed overview of the research:

YouTube Preview Image Youtube user: stephanieem (SCIE 300 Group 1)

In addition to their rapid sequencing speed, these new technologies have other advantages over the conventional methods. Not only are they highly accurate, but they also provide a larger amount of data for a lower price. For example, when using Illumina, it costs around ten cents to sequence a million nucleotide bases, the fundamental units of DNA. Although this may seem a whole lot, each human cell has over 12 billion bases of DNA!

File:DNA chemical structure.svg

Picture of DNA showing the 4 different nucleotide bases. Author: Madprime via Wikimedia Commons

With the advent of the next-generation sequencing technologies, it is now possible to achieve many tasks that would otherwise remain unresolved. As they continue to become more advanced, many excitements in this field lie ahead. You never know, genome sequencing might even become an application on our computers where we will be able to see for ourselves what makes each one of us so unique.

-Group 1: Daniel (Sanggi) Hong, Stephanie Mrakovich, Maral Altanbadralt, Jing Xiang Yang

The Super Supercapacitor.

I’m sure some of you out there have, at one point or another, thought “is the lifestyle we live in the first world sustainable?” The overwhelming scientific consensus is that things need to change if we are going to keep things the way they are now. This is much easier said than done though since we are a society that is heavily dependant on fossil fuels and batteries for energy, and incidentally these are two of the reasons why our environment is changing for the worse.

These problems we are facing opened the door for a potentially world changing discovery. Back in 2010, the nobel prize in physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov for their groundbreaking work with a material called graphene. Since then research into this material has exploded and the potential applications seem boundless.

Graphene by AlexanderAIUS via Wikimedia Commons

Graphene itself is about 100 times stronger than steel; if you were to make a 1 square meter sheet of the material and make it 1000 times thinner than a piece of paper and hang this up like a hammock it would be able to hold up a 10 pound cat, but would weigh less than one of its whiskers. Aside from its possible application of an awesome super light hammock, this material has researchers buzzing about its potential for the technology and energy industries.

Graphene also has the ability to act as a super capacitor, which means that it is able to store large amounts of energy while only taking a fraction of the time to charge compared to batteries. Imagine a cell phone you could charge in a few seconds or an electric car that only takes a few minutes to charge up and not a few hours. This has been the central property of a new discovery made by Dr. Richard Kaner and his colleagues. They found that they could convert liquid graphite oxide into graphene using only a consumer grade DVD drive.

YouTube Preview Image

The Super Supercapacitor by focusforwardfilms

Things like the cell phones or smart screens that can be rolled up, or ultra thin computers could become a reality because of graphene. Think it doesn’t get much better than this? Think again. On top of all the wondrous possibilities graphene could have for cell phones, computers and car batteries, but because this material is purely made out of carbon it is not only bio degradable, it is completely compostable.

I don’t know about all of you but I’m pretty excited for what the future holds now.

A Little bit of Science That’s the Bee’s Knees

The human knee is a delicate structure, and those who have played sports or done any activities that are high impact know it better than anyone. They’ve felt the pain during the activity, felt sore for weeks after, and have thought to themselves whether or not the activity was sustainable – whether it would be possible to enjoy it into their old age, or whether instead it would render them immobile for their later years. There is hope though, as a new surgical technique in the works has shown to significantly help with cartilage regeneration.

photo

A model of a knee joint. Holly Anissa via Flickr.

The knee is one the most complex joints in the body, and is the meeting place of the femur, the tibia, and the fibula, and is composed of bone, muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. It contains four ligaments (LCL, PCL, ACL, MCL), responsible for the stabilization of the knee joint, a number of tendons, and two large pieces of cartilage that are responsible for absorbing shock and bearing weight.

YouTube Preview Image

I wonder if he’ll be able to do that again in twenty years?

Courtesy of Teebzguy via Youtube

The prognosis isn’t the best for athletes (both amateur and professional) that participate in a number of popular sports, the highest incidence of knee injury resulting from participation in Football, Skiing, Basketball, Rugby, and Soccer. Although very common injuries include the tearing of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and the Medial Collaterial ligament (MCL), cartilage damage is still a very large concern for both athletes as well as the medical community taking care of such injuries. Due to the strenuous forces associated with these high impact sports, over time, the two large pieces of cartilage in the knee wear down. For some athletes, if left untreated, these pieces of cartilage can wear down completely, until all that is left is bone. When this occurs, simple movements of the knee will result in excruciating pain, as the femur, tibia, and fibula all grind together.

There is good news though! A game changing technique coming out of Johns Hopkins University has proven to lead to significantly higher cartilage regeneration than previously used techniques. Current cartilage repair is undergone by drilling tiny micro holes into surrounding bone, in an attempt to allow the stem cells inside the bones to seep out and form into new cartilage. A study, headed by Blanka Sharma, shows that this old technique led to an average of 64% of the tissue being replaced. The new technique, however, employs the use of a hydrogel along with the drilling, and has shown to lead to an average of 86% of tissue regeneration. Jennifer Elisseeff, Ph.D, along with a number of her co-workers speculated that the old technique was ineffective because it lacked structure for the stem cells to grow on. After years of laboratory testing, the first trial proved a success, MRIs showing there to be no mal-effects associated with the hydrogel implants as well as the increased tissue regeneration.

The technique is still waiting for European approval, and for the time being has been taken over by an independent American company, Biomet. Jennifer Elisseeff, Ph.D has high hopes for the technique, stating that she hopes that “it will become a routine part of care and improve healing”.