Tag Archives: Health

Raw Meat-Based Pet Foods – Are They Really Good for Your Pets?

Puppy eating kibble pet food (Source: Wikimedia Commons)

We all love our pets dearly, and there is nothing wrong with that. So wouldn’t you want what’s best for your pet’s health? Recently, many cat and dog owners are switching over from dry kibbles and wet-canned foods to a raw pet food diet. The raw pet food diet usually consists of uncooked animal meats, organs, bones, fruits, and vegetables. Many have claimed that they see an increase in their pet’s poop quality, shinier coats, cleaner teeth, and just an overall improvement in their health.  Yet, veterinarians, the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), and CVMA (Canadian Veterinary Medical Association)  don’t agree at all with these claims, and they have a really good reason why.

Many studies have been conducted to analyze raw meat-based pet foods, and show some pretty interesting results. Studies have found bacteria like Salmonella and E.coli in raw meat pet foods, as well as large amounts of these bacteria in the poop of pets being fed raw meat. Salmonella can affect humans and animals, and is known to cause diarrhea (a condition where stool or poop is watery) and are often dehydrated (a condition where there is more water leaving the body, rather than entering). E.coli can also affect both humans and animals, and is similar to Salmonella, except it can cause strong cramps, and bloody vomit and diarrhea. The craziest part is that certain studies have also found that the bacteria in the these types of pet food can resist many kinds of drugs that are meant to kill it. So we know that there’s an insane amount of bacteria found in the raw meat pet foods, and studies show that they can be resistant to drugs. But how does this affect humans and our pets?

There are a lot of health risks that come with eating a raw meat-based diet. Aside from what bacteria like Salmonella and E.coli can cause in humans and pets, pets can fracture their teeth upon eating large bones, become constipated, and rupture their gastro-intestinal tract. The gastro-intestinal tract is the part of the body that deals with digestion, absorption, and excretion of food. Animal and human bodies work similarly by breaking down food to absorb the nutrients and be used for various biological processes. Unfortunately, certain substances are left in the meat products if not cooked and when consumed they can prevent the break down process within the gastro-intestinal tract. Thus, pets that consume these raw meat-based foods can become nutrient deficient. Upon eating raw meat-based foods, pets can also pass on bacteria like salmonella and E.coli from their poop and also from their mouths via licking. To make matters worse, if indeed bacteria is passed on from pets, there is an increase risk of infection in young children, kittens, and puppies, the elderly, and those that are pregnant or have a weak immune system.

To sum everything up, studies can’t conclude the benefits and one should consult with their Veterinarian for diet changes.

Link to the study: https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/documents/raw-meat-based-diets-for-pets 

Is Almond Milk Better Than Regular Milk?

Whether you are vegan or not, you have probably seen plant-based milk like soy milk or almond milk at grocery stores, coffee shops, and more. However, ever since genetically modified soy received a lot of coverage in recent years, almond milk has become one of the most popular choices for plant-based milk. In the US, sales of almond milk already surpassed soymilk. While some people are simply allergic or lactose intolerant, some believe that almond milk is a better option for their health and even for the environment.

Which milk is healthier?

Milk is a great source of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. It is important for people to meet their daily nutrition values in order to stay healthy. However, not all milk offers the same level of nutrients. For example, in one cup of milk, regular whole milk contains 276 mg of calcium. On the other hand, unfortified almond milk contains 61 mg of calcium. It is a well-known fact that calcium is necessary to keep our bones strong. It is especially important for kids to get enough calcium because it may lead to serious health problems such as osteoporosis. Dietitians recommend that when shopping for almond milk, one should check to make sure that it has been fortified with nutrients that provide enough amount of the recommended daily value.

Environmental Impact: Almond Milk vs. Regular Milk 

In order to produce a cup of almond milk, it takes 10 gallons of water while a cup of regular milk takes about six times more water to produce the same amount. In terms of carbon footprint, a cup of almond milk produces 174 g CO2 and regular milk produces 400 g CO2.

In this podcast episode from Science Vs, an environmental scientist Joseph Poore discusses types of milk including soy, almond and oat milk and their impacts on our plant in more detail.

 

Tina Kwon

Why Are There So Few Blue Fruits?

Speaking of fruits, how many kinds of blue fruits can you come up with? A recent research conducted in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden located in Yunnan, China has shown that, amongst the over 600 species of fruits growing in the garden, only 6 types of fruits are blue. How did this come about? There are a variety of aspects that we need to look at in order to answer this question.

Blueberries
credit: https://thescooponbaking.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/fullsizerender_1.jpg

Where do colours in fruits come from?

Fruits get their colours from three main types of plant pigments: carotenoids for colours red, orange and yellow, flavonoids for blue and red, as well as chlorophyll for green colour. Due to the fact that colour red is the most common hue among the three chemicals, most fruits are red.

Colours of fruits and their reproduction

The reason why we are able to identify different colours is that the wavelengths of these colours can be perceived by a specific type of cells called cones in our eyes. Some animals see more colours than we do because they can detect a wider range of wavelengths in the nature. However, when reacting to different colours, cone cells show different levels of sensitivity to their wavelengths, and the colour blue is, unfortunately, not as visible as other colours to most animals.

Credit: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-red-on-the-right-of-the-light-spectrum-and-purple-on-the-left

Lower visibility of blue fruits leads to lower probabilities that they get spotted and eaten by animals and consequently have their seeds spread, which is an important method of reproduction for most plants. As a consequence, blue fruits can not be spread as easily and frequently as fruits with other colours such as red and orange.

However, while the colour blue gives these fruits a hard time to reproduce, there also exist some animals that are inherently colourblind. These animals spot and eat fruits randomly instead of by identifying colours, and this is also the reason why there is still a small amount of blue fruits we can find in our everyday life nowadays.

Additionally, another factor that should be taken into account is that, because it is always connected with characteristics such as danger, the colour blue can result in a loss of appetite in animals.

(video credit: https://youtu.be/l04dn8Msm-Y)

Overall, the shortage of blue fruits is due to a number of reasons. Specifically, the uneven distribution of pigments in different species of fruits and some special characteristics of the colour blue are the two main factors that account for this phenomenon to a great extend.

 

– Siqi Tao

Coming Out Clean with Anti-Wrinkle Creams

Cosmetic companies have been selling anti-wrinkle or anti-aging facial creams for a while. They often advertise that by using their products, users will see an increase in hydration, reduction in facial lines, and look up to ten years younger after one month of usage. Basically, these companies are advertising that they’ve pretty much developed the fountain of youth in a jar.

Before we discuss whether anti-wrinkle creams work, let’s talk about the physiology of our skin!

Skin Layers (Source: Wikimedia Commons)

The skin is the largest external organ on our body and is comprised of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer that is exposed to the environment, and the hypodermis is the innermost layer that is mainly made of fat. The dermis is in the middle and is the layer that contains fibroblasts, which are specialized cells that secretes a chemical compound known as collagen. Collagen is in charge of giving our skin it’s tensile strength and its overall structure.

Wrinkles are caused by external factors like the sun’s UV (ultra-violet) rays, which in turn can also damage fibroblast cells. However, a study found that fibroblast cells also lose their ability to secrete collagen as it ages. Since the wrinkles within the skin are caused by fibroblast cells losing their ability to produce collagen, the question still hangs in the air: do anti-wrinkle creams work?

Yes, and no. Anti-wrinkle facial creams contain ingredients like hyaluronic acid, retinoids, vitamin-C, etc. Hyaluronic acid is a chemical compound that helps your skin retain its moisture. Retinoids are another kind of chemical compound that functions like hyaluronic acid, except it also stimulates the production of collagen and promotes the shedding of old skin cells. Vitamin-C helps with preventing any further damage to the internal components of skin cells. As mentioned before, wrinkles are caused by a decrease in production of collagen by the fibroblast cells in the dermis layer, and these ingredients aren’t a permanent fix to these cells. At best, some of these ingredients can protect our skin from UV damage, or reduce the look of fine lines by adding extra moisture to give the appearance of a fuller look. So anti-wrinkle facial creams can work in a sense that it provides a bit of protection from external factors and a temporary fix.  However, it’s not permanent and probably won’t make you look ten years younger.

In all honesty, the best “anti-wrinkle cream” anyone can use is sunscreen. Applying sunscreen to the skin on your body can prevent the development of skin cancer and protect the fibroblast cells within your skin from prematurely stopping the collagen production.

Link to specific study: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181108134147.htm

 

Is Taking Popular Supplements a Waste of Money?

How many dietary supplements do you take every day? According to Statistics Canada, about half of the Canadians take at least one supplement a day.  There are so many supplement products in the market today and consumers are overwhelmed with all the choices available. Are these supplements really necessary for maintaining good health? A recent review article published in the Journal of American College of Cardiology suggests otherwise.

How Supplements are made

Most supplements are synthetically made in laboratories and very few are made from naturally derived ingredients. In terms of chemistry, there is no difference found between the synthetically derived and naturally derived supplements. Most of the commercial vitamins found are made synthetically due to cost and efficiency.

Wide selection of vitamin supplements found in drugstores (source: Wikipedia)

Research on popular supplements

A team of researchers from St Michael’s Hospital and the University of Toronto claims that taking vitamin and mineral supplements have no significant effect on one’s health. The team reviewed 179 studies with single randomized trials that were published from January 2012 to October 2017. According to their review, the most common supplements taken were multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium and vitamin C. Their findings on these four common supplements reveal that there is little to no evidence in preventing cardiovascular diseases or early death. However, among all the dietary supplements that were reviewed, vitamin B9 (folic acid), and other B-vitamins such as B6 and B12 with folic acid were found to decrease the risk of stroke by 20%. On the other hand, the team was able to conclude that vitamin B3 (niacin) and antioxidants have rather a negative effect on our body, which may even lead to early death regardless of the cause.

What should we do?

Dr. David Jenkins, the lead author of the study reassures people that there is no harm in taking most of the popular supplements, however, he also adds that people should know that there are no significant benefits in taking them. He recommends that people should rely on eating a healthy and balanced diet to get their vitamins and minerals. According to his research, fruits, nuts, and whole wheat pasta were some of the foods that people should consider adding to their grocery list.

Here is a video from TED-Ed providing background information on the vitamins that were mentioned in the review. (Source: YouTube)

Tina Kwon

Let Dark Chocolate Keep Your Blood Vessel Healthy

Have you ever heard having approximately 1-2 ounces of dark chocolate every day is good for our health? Several studies announced that dark chocolate helps to keep our blood vessels healthy. But, do you have any ideas of what makes dark chocolate be beneficial?  Compared to white or milk chocolate, dark chocolate is made of higher contents of cocoa solid in the range of 50 to 90% where the cocoa is known for a rich source of flavonol, a type of flavonoids.

Dark chocolate bars source: https://www.eatthis.com/best-dark-chocolate-bars/

 

What does flavonoid do to our body?

First of all, flavonoid is a plant nutrient that reduces cardiovascular diseases and can be found in many fruits and vegetables. A type of flavonoids, called flavonol, is found in cocoa and also it is the key source for the benefits of dark chocolate. One of its main function is antioxidants effects. An antioxidant is known for a protector of our body from any harmful damages caused by free radicals and their oxidation. For example, flavonoids lower the amounts of LDL cholesterol, also known as bad cholesterol, in our body since oxidized LDL cholesterol reacts with free radical and cause heart diseases. Another function of flavonoid is that this chemical is used to stimulate cells in inner blood vessels called endothelium. By stimulating the cells, nitric oxide can be produced and used to improve blood flow since nitric oxide can dilate arteries.

The following video explains further details about flavonoid and its function.

 

Research study on the effects of dark chocolate

A study on flavonoid-rich dark chocolate was done at the University of California. 21 healthy adult subjects were randomly assigned to high-flavonoid or low-flavonoid chocolate for 2 weeks. As a result, The group of intake high-flavonoid chocolate has significant mean changes of 1.3 ± 0.7% in dilation of the brachial artery, the major blood vessel in the upper arm. This study concludes that flavonoid improves endothelium functions and blood flow.

 

As dark chocolate contains flavonoids more and more, its impacts on our health, especially on cardiovascular health is significant. However, dark chocolate still contains fats and sugars that possibly lead to diabetes or weight increases. 30 to 60g of dark chocolate per day is recommended.

 

 

Ellen Lee