The praised 2018 Canadian documentary Anthropocene: The Human Epoch is without a doubt one of those films that both attracts via its mesmerizing images and scares by the horrific factual reality that it portrays. Directed by Jennifer Baichwal, Edward Burtynsky and Nicholas Pencier, the documentary depicts the so-called epoch of Anthropocene, which is, among many, a name that our current geological epoch receives (cfr. Capitaloscene). The Anthropocene, then, gathers a series of images that illustrate the ways humanity has been directly modifying the Earth’s surface natural development. From animal extinction, floods, massive pollution of the glaciers, uncontrolled mining and deforestation, giant dumps to, also, successful projects of modern engineering —the Brenner Base tunnel in Austria—, the documentary attempts to critically call for an “awakening” as the voice of the narrator, Alicia Vikander, states at the end of the film: “We are all implicated, some more profoundly than others.” As much as this statement invites for positive social change, it also signals something that the documentary forgets to explicitly acknowledge: the role of the machines in the so-called Anthropocene.
From the beginning until the end of the documentary machines occupy a key role. As much as the Anthropocene identifies humans as the “evil doers” in this geologic era, our means of changing the surface of the Earth have always relied on the assemblage human-machine or machine-human (the order is not very important), never on human agency alone. A machine is not necessarily an object that obeys human desires. As depicted many times in the documentary, it is quite the opposite. When asked about their jobs at an iron factory that massively pollutes the Siberian steppes, Russian workers happily admit that at the beginning they did not like the job, but by force of habit they ended up liking it, even finding beauty in it. A Chilean worker at a Lithium mine in the Atacama Desert feels happy “to help humanity.” There is no single human agent in the documentary that does not happily expresses their pleasure of doing something meaningful. Even the ecologist at the beginning of the film expresses enthusiasm when thousands of ivory pieces are returned to Nigeria so that these objects will never hit the market or become a trinket, a mantelpiece or any other “luxurious object.” The confiscated ivory might have not become another object but unsuspectedly another machine put these objects in the market. Cinema after all is, if not, 20th century dream factory.
Anthropocene barely relies on human agency. That is, most of the takes, cameos and travellings of the most heartbreaking and amazing images of the film are drone taken. Even the narrator’s voice, in a monotonous Alexian, or Sirean, register displays facts about human history and its implications. This contributes to the “lack” of human agency all over the film. The movie only has two registers, enthusiasm, and monotony. Human agency, then, is everything but easy to recognize since enthusiasm comes directly from the monotony that machines express. There is, then, one tone for machines, that of increasing different but concomitant happiness. In other words, the monotony of the machines accelerates the process of habituation of humankind. Happiness happens when you get used to things, so would say any of the workers addressed by the documentary. From this perspective, someone who is inside a machine’s mechanism can hardly see another way of living but the one the machine itself has built. Some of the last words of the narrator recognize that “the tenacity and ingenuity that helped us thrive, can also help us to pull these systems back to a safe place for all life on earth,” it is then, on “us” to change our habits. However, that us is already including the machines and, perhaps, our problem as humanity is directly tied to the too easily trust that we have given to machines. We have never learned how to differentiate the way machines should be used. In the meantime, we are told at the end of the film that “The scientists of the Anthropocene Working Group will continue to build the evidence towards a formal proposal for inclusion of the Anthropocene epoch in the Geological Time Scale.” Building and reforming our time, but not actually destroying it, would bring new and amazing evidence to the screens, but hardly move the ground we inhabit, hardly change a thing.